Psychology of Gait and Action Recognition
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Palm Dorsal Vein ▶ Hand Veins
Palm Segment It refers to one of the three palm portions: lower palm, upper palm, and writer palm. ▶ Fingerprint, Palmprint, Handprint and Soleprint Sensor
Palm Vein M ASAKI WATANABE Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd, Kawasaki, Japan
Synonyms Palm vein authentication; Palm vein recognition #
2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Definition Palm vein authentication is one of a modality of biometric authentications, and is classified as a physiological biometric authentication. It uses palm vein patterns, a vascular image of a person’s palm which can be seen as a kind of pattern, as personal information. The palm vein patterns are normally captured under near-infrared illumination using the reflection method, in which ▶ near infrared rays are emitted from a person’s palm and the reflected light is captured. The places on the palm where veins occur are captured as dark parts because veins absorb more nearinfrared illumination while emitting only little. With this reflection method, a ▶ contactless type of patterncapturing and user identification can be realized. Because veins are inside the human body, they are secure and hard to be stolen or duplicated. Moreover, because palm vein patterns are varied and complex, they have sufficient information to identify one individual among many people and palm vein authentication is highly accurate. A contactless type of identification is suitable for applications that require a high level of hygiene and for public-use applications. Several banks in Japan use palm vein authentication to identify customers since July 2004. In addition, the method has been used in a variety of applications including door security systems of offices and condominiums, login management systems for PCs, and to identify patients in hospitals.
Introduction Palm vein authentication is one of the vascular pattern authentication technologies. It uses palm vein patterns, which are difficult to be seen by human on a person’s palm, as personal information. Because palm vein patterns are information that are found within someone’s body, it is hard for that information to be stolen.
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This means that forgery is very difficult under usual conditions. Palm vein patterns are unique to each individual; even identical twins have different palm vein patterns. Furthermore, palm vein patterns do not change within lifetime of a human except in certain cases of injury or disease. Although these facts and any other influences including physiological growth have not been medically proven, as with the fingerprints, irises, and other internal identification methods, experimental results based on extensive data and large-scale operational results prove practically that palm vein authentication has the advantages of consistency and accuracy as a method of personal identification. A patent for hand vein authentication was filed in 1985 by Joseph Rice in the United States [1]. The first device for palm vein authentication was presented by Advanced Biometrics, Inc. in the United St
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