PtRu bimetallic nanoparticles embedded in MOF-derived porous carbons for efficiently electrochemical sensing of uranium
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
PtRu bimetallic nanoparticles embedded in MOF-derived porous carbons for efficiently electrochemical sensing of uranium Xiaohong Cao 1,2 & Yanbing Sun 1,2 & Yingcai Wang 1 & Zhibin Zhang 1,2 & Ying Dai 1,2 & Yuhui Liu 1 & Youqun Wang 1 & Yunhai Liu 1 Received: 22 April 2020 / Revised: 21 May 2020 / Accepted: 23 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract PtRu bimetallic nanoparticles embedded in MOF-derived porous carbons (PtRu-PCs) were synthesized by first loading PtRu bimetallic nanoparticles into a UiO66-NH2 host matrix and then going in situ carbonization at high temperatures. In the synthetic strategy, UiO66-NH2 was used not only as a precursor to limit the aggregation and migration of PtRu bimetallic nanoparticles, but also as a self-sacrificial template to improve the conductivity. The as-prepared PtRu-PCs were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS. The PtRu-PC-based sensor had excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.024 μM (S/N = 3). The developed method was successfully applied to real water samples with a recovery rate of 92–107%.
Introduction Uranium is an important energy resource and the demand for it is increasing with the development of the nuclear industry [1, 2]. During uranium mining, nuclear fuel processing and utilization, radioactive waste treatment, and other related activities, more and more highly mobile U(VI) ions are released into the soil and groundwater, which increases the possibility of humans being exposed to them. Such exposure can cause a serious threat to human health, such as acute renal failure and liver damage [3, 4]. According to the USEPA and WHO guidelines, the maximum levels of uranium in drinking water must not exceed 30 and 15 μg L−1, respectively. The German regulations are more stringent, less than 10 μg L−1 [5]. Therefore, it is of practical and urgent significance to develop a detection method for trace uranium concentration in the
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04668-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yunhai Liu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People’s Republic of China
2
School of Chemical Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People’s Republic of China
uranium mining area and the environmental waters of nuclear power plants. Various methods have been developed to detect traces of uranium in aqueous solutions including X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy [6, 7], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [8], and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) [9], all of which have high sensitivity and accuracy. However, the expensive operating and maintenance costs of these instruments limit their use for the rapid monitoring of uranium level in the field. Electrochemical analysis methods are effective methods for detecting trace metal
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