Pulse Polymerized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrodes For Solid-State Supercapacitors with Ionic Liquid Gel Poly
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Pulse Polymerized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrodes For Solid-State Supercapacitors with Ionic Liquid Gel Polymer Electrolyte
G. P. Pandey1 and A. C. Rastogi1, 2 1
Center for Autonomous Solar Power (CASP), Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA 2
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
ABSTRACT Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrodes are prepared by a novel ultrashort galvanic pulse electropolymerization technique for application in solid-state supercapacitors. Microstructure studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that PEDOT electrodes deposited by pulse polymerization are highly porous as compared to the conventional potentiostatic polymerization. In addition, as revealed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies in the PEDOT films formed by pulse polymerization, the polymer chains are fully conjugated with the dopant ClO4- ions. Solid-state supercapacitor cells using pulse polymerized PEDOT electrodes and ionic liquid gel polymer electrolyte were fabricated and characterized. The impedance spectroscopy studies show that the pulse polymerized PEDOT electrode have specific capacitance value of ~ 65 F g-1 as compared to ~52 F g-1 for potentiostatically polymerized PEDOT and significantly lower interfacial and charge transfer resistance. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge characterization show highly capacitive behavior of the supercapacitor cells in the solid-state configuration. INTRODUCTION Electronically conducing polymers have received considerable attention in application as high energy density supercapacitor electrodes. Various conductive polymers are being investigated as an electrode material for supercapacitor due to their capability for fast switching between redox states with a high degree of electrochemical reversibility, nontoxic nature and the low cost [1-3]. Among them, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is being actively researched for application as a supercapacitor electrode because of its high chemical and mechanical stability compared to several other conducting polymers used in the supercapacitor fabrication [4, 5]. Various techniques for PEDOT electrode preparation using the sulphonate doped aqueous emulsions and chemical polymerization or electro-oxidation of 3,4-ethylenedioxy -thiophene (EDOT) monomer have been reported. These methods offer only a limited control over the electrode structure and its morphology which is critical for realizing efficient ionic charge storage device. In this work, we report on the formation of highly doped PEDOT films by an ultrashort galvanic pulsed electropolymerization technique. The solid-state supercapacitor cells were
fabricated using ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate (EMIFAP) based gel polymer electrolyte. The supercapacitor cells are characterized by impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (C
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