Domestic Extremism and the Case of the Toronto 18
This book examines domestic extremism and what is popularly referred to as radicalization. The fear of domestic extremism has been used to dismantle democracy and erect national security states throughout North America, Western Europe, and beyond. Yet, de
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Domestic Extremism and the Case of the Toronto 18
Jeremy Kowalski
Domestic Extremism and the Case of the Toronto 18
Jeremy Kowalski Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
ISBN 978-1-349-94959-5 ISBN 978-1-349-94960-1 DOI 10.1057/978-1-349-94960-1
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016940556 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image © Eugene Sergeev / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Nature America Inc. New York
For my good friend James Eldin Reed 13 March 1945–5 April 2012
PROLOGUE
And this place our forefathers made for man! This is the process of our love and wisdom To each poor brother who offends against us; Most innocent, perhaps—and what if guilty? Is this the only cure, merciful God? Each pore and natural outlet shriveled up By ignorance and parching poverty, His energies role back upon his heart And stagnate and corrupt; till, changed to poison, They break out on him like a loathsome plague-spot. Then we call in our pampered mountebanks And this is their best cure: uncomforted And friendless solitude, groaning and tears And savage faces at the clanking hour, Seen through the steams and vapour of his dungeon, By the lamp’s dismal twilight. So he lies Circled with evil, till his very soul Unmoulds its essence, hopelessly deformed By sights of every more deformity!1
On 2 June 2006, approximately 400 police officers2 from various jurisdictions across the province of Ontario—codenamed operation O-Sage by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)—were involved in the concerted arrests of seventeen individuals living in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA).3 The individuals who were arrested were detained under
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PROLOGUE
provisions enshrined in Bill C-36,4 the Anti-terrorism Act (ATA) ratified by Canadian parliament in December 2001. The individuals arrested wer
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