Quantum Fields
In classical physics, a field is described by one or more space—time functions which satisfy certain partial differential equations. Several important examples were already noted in Chap. 1: the vector potential A cl(x, t) of the electromagnetic field and
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Philippe A. Martin
Fran~ois
Rothen
Many-Body Problems and Quantum Field Theory An Introduction Translated by Steven Goldfarb, Andrew Jordan and Samuel Leach Second Edition With 102 Figures, 7 Tables and 23 Exercises
~ Springer
Professor Philippe A. Martin
Professor Fran~ois Rothen
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Institute of Theoretical Physics 10 15 Lausanne Switzerland
U niversity of Lausanne Emeritus Professor and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Institute of Complex Matter Physics lOIS Lausanne Switzerland
Translators: Dr. Steven Goldfarb CERN-PH 1211 Geneva 23 Switzerland
Dr. Andrew Noble Iordan Dr. Samuel Leach Department of Theoretical Physics University of Geneva Quai Emest Ansermet, 24 1211 Geneva Switzerland
Originally published in French under the title: Problemes il N-corps et champs quantiques © 1990 Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, Lausanne, Switzerland. AII rights reserved
ISSN 0172-5998 ISBN 978-3-642-05965-0 ISBN 978-3-662-08490-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/97S-3-662-08490-8 Library ofCongress Control Number: 2004103456 This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of iIIustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer·Yerlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH. Yiolations are Iiable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. springeronline.com
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002, 2004 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 2004 The use of general descriptive names, registered names. trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant probreak tective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Final processing: LE-TE" Jelonek, Schmidt & Viickler GbR, Leipzig Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper 55/3l41/di SPIN: 10965900 5 4 3 2 1O
Foreword
An unusual aspect of this book is to bring together various subjects of physics rarely found in the same place. The first chapter not only recalls preliminary notions of quantum and classical physics but also serves as a preparation for the viewpoints developped throughout the whole book. Its presentation has been changed to better underline this perspective. This has led in turn to slight modifications at the beginning of Chap. 8. Chapter 6 refers to nucleon pairing inside the nucleus. Its content differs greatly from that of the first edition. The description of nucleon pairing was borrowed from the concept of electron pairing in superconductivity. We have reduced the formal aspects of this desc
