Quadrature Domains
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		    934 Makoto Sakai
 
 Quadrature Domains
 
 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1982
 
 Author
 
 Makoto Sakai Department of Mathematics, Tokyo Metropolitan University Fukasawa, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158 Japan
 
 AMS Subject Classifications (1980): 30 E 99, 31 A 99 ISBN 3-540-11562-5 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 0-387-11562-5 Springer-Verlag New York Heidelberg Berlin This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich.
 
 © by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1982 Printed in Germany Printing and binding: Beltz Offsetdruck, Hemsbach/Bergstr. 2141/3140-543210
 
 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I.
 
 1 CONSTRUCTION OF QUADRATURE DOMAINS
 
 §l.
 
 Elementary properties and examples
 
 4
 
 §2.
 
 Domains with quasi-smooth boundaries
 
 8
 
 §3.
 
 Modifications of positive measures
 
 18
 
 §4.
 
 Modifications under restrictions
 
 33
 
 §5.
 
 Construction of quadrature domains for harmonic and analytic functions
 
 CHAPTER II.
 
 43
 
 PROPERTIES OF QUADRATURE DOMAINS
 
 §6.
 
 Basic properties of quadrature domains
 
 48
 
 §7.
 
 Existence of minimal quadrature domains
 
 57
 
 §8.
 
 Relations between
 
 l, domains for classes SL
 
 HL 1 and AL 1 §9.
 
 . 62
 
 Uniqueness in the strict sense
 
 65
 
 §lO.
 
 Monotone increasing families of quadrature domains
 
 70
 
 §ll.
 
 Quadrature domains with infinite area
 
 90
 
 CHAPTER III.
 
 APPLICATIONS
 
 §12.
 
 Analytic functions with finite Dirichlet integrals
 
 100
 
 §13.
 
 Hele-Shaw flows with a free boundary
 
 105
 
 §14.
 
 Quadrature formulas
 
 113
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 
 126
 
 LIST OF SYMBOLS
 
 129
 
 INDEX
 
 132
 
 INTRODUCTION
 
 The main purpose of this paper is to show the existence and uniqueness theorems on quadrature domains of positive measures. These can be considered a new type of "the sweeping-out principle" of measures and there are many their applications. Let v be a positive Borel measure on the complex plane [. For a domain
 
 in [, we denote by
 
 the class of all real
 
 valued Borel measurable functions on
 
 which are integrable with
 
 respect to the two-dimensional Lebesgue measure m. a subclass of every domain
 
 such that
 
 Let
 
 be
 
 for every f E
 
 E
 
 and
 
 containing
 
 A nonempty domain
 
 is called a quadrature domain of v for
 
 class F if (1)
 
 v is concentrated in
 
 ( 2)
 
 f+dv < +00
 
 for every f E
 
 and
 
 where
 
 If -f E
 
 r"
 
 f'dv ;
 
 and
 
 for every f E
 
 Let
 
 J
 
 fdm
 
 max{f,O}.
 
 for every f E Ifldv < +00
 
 O.
 
 namely,
 
 then, from (2), we obtain
 
 J
 
 fdv =
 
 J
 
 fdm
 
 be the class of all complex
 
 valued analytic integrable functions and set Re
 
 = {Re fl
 
 f E
 
 Then
 
 and only if
 
 satisfies (I) and, J[f\dv < +00 and Jfdv =
 
 for every f E
 
 is a quadrature domain of v for Re ALI if
 
 Therefore let us call this domain a
 
 fdID
 
 2
 
 quadrature domain for class ALI.
 
 This is nothing but a
 
 "classic		
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