Quality of life among tuberculosis (TB), TB retreatment and/or TB-HIV co-infected primary public health care patients in
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Quality of life among tuberculosis (TB), TB retreatment and/or TB-HIV co-infected primary public health care patients in three districts in South Africa Julia Louw1, Karl Peltzer1,2*, Pamela Naidoo1,3, Gladys Matseke1, Gugu Mchunu1 and Bomkazi Tutshana1
Abstract Introduction: TB and HIV co-morbidity amount to a massive burden on healthcare systems in many countries. This study investigates health related quality of life among tuberculosis (TB), TB retreatment and TB-HIV co-infected public primary health care patients in three districts in South Africa. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 4900 TB patients who were in the first month of anti-TB treatment in primary public health care clinics in three districts in South Africa. Quality of life was assessed using the social functioning (SF)-12 Health Survey through face to face interviews. Associations of physical health (Physical health Component Summary = PCS) and mental health (Mental health Component Summary = MCS) were identified using logistic regression analyses. Results: The overall physical and mental health scores were 42.5 and 40.7, respectively. Emotional role, general health and bodily pain had the lowest sub-scale scores, while energy and fatigue and mental health had the highest domain scores. Independent Kruskal–Wallis tests found significant positive effects of being TB-HIV co-infected on the domains of mental health functioning, emotional role, energy and fatigue, social function and physical role, while significant negative effects were observed on general health, bodily pain and physical function. In multivariable analysis higher educational, lower psychological distress, having fewer chronic conditions and being HIV negative were significantly positively associated with PCS, and low poverty, low psychological distress and being HIV positive were positively significantly associated with MCS. Conclusion: TB and HIV weaken patients’ physical functioning and impair their quality of life. It is imperative that TB control programmes at public health clinics design strategies to improve the quality of health of TB and HIV co-infected patients. Keywords: Social functioning, Tuberculosis patients, HIV and AIDS, Quality of life, South Africa
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection comprise an enormous burden on health care systems, particularly in heavily infected countries such as South Africa (SA) [1,2]. SA alone has 28% of the world’s population of HIV and TB co-infected individuals [2]. Particularly physical * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 HIV/STI and TB (HAST) Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, Durban and Cape Town, South Africa 2 Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
and mental distress is found to be common in TB patients leading to poor disease outcome or poor treatment outcome [3]. Physical health was found to be more affected than mental health
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