Quantitative Analysis of Microstructures and Strength of Nb-Ti Microalloyed Steel with Different Ti Additions
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development of microalloyed steels has been continuous for the last several decades due to their outstanding mechanical properties.[1–5] Microalloyed steels are individually or associatedly alloyed with niobium (Nb), vanadium (V), and titanium (Ti).[6–10] Microalloying elements usually exist in steels as solute atoms or precipitates to retard the austenite
XIAOLONG GAN, GANG ZHAO, HONGWEI MA, ZHENGLIANG XUE, and GUANG XU are with The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081 Hubei, P.R. China and also with the Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology. QING YUAN is with The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, and the Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, and Jiangsu Huaneng Cable Company Limited, Gaoyou, 225613 Jiangsu, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] WEN LIANG is with The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, and the Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, and the Wuhan Branch of Baosteel Central Research Institute, Wuhan, 430080 Hubei, P.R. China. WENWEI QIAO is with Jiangsu Huaneng Cable Company Limited. Manuscript submitted September 5, 2019.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
recrystallization and the grain growth of the a phase, and the beneficial effects of Nb are generally found to be the largest as compared to other microalloying elements.[11–14] Nanoscale carbonitride precipitates can significantly improve the strength of microalloyed steels by precipitation strengthening based on the Orowan mechanism.[15–18] Nb precipitates are often found in the c and a phases and easily nucleate during deformation. The lattice constant of NbC is larger than those of VN and VC; thus, NbC manifests a superior precipitation strengthening effect with the same carbide particle size and particle number density.[19] The solubility of V in the c phase is relatively large, thus resulting in easy precipitation inside the a phase.[20] On the contrary, Ti-alloyed carbides nucleate and grow at a high temperature to inhibit the grain growth of the c phase.[21–23] In recent years, the sustainable development strategy has become an important research area in iron and steel industries. With the development of microalloyed steels, an obvious shortcoming of high production cost (due to the high price of microalloys) in international markets has been faced; hence, a strong trend of adding more Ti during steel production has emerged due to the relatively low price of Ti ore (in comparison to Nb and V) and the excellent strength–ductility balance of Ti-microalloyed steel
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