Quantitative risk assessment of an amine-based CO 2 capture process
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pISSN: 0256-1115 eISSN: 1975-7220
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
INVITED REVIEW PAPER
Quantitative risk assessment of an amine-based CO2 capture process Chanhee You and Jiyong Kim† Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea (Received 15 March 2020 • Revised 9 April 2020 • Accepted 30 April 2020) AbstractThis study presents a risk assessment study on an amine-based CO2 capture process. Based on the critical risks identified by a hazard and operability study (HAZOP) conducted in our previous work, we performed detailed quantitative risk assessment, including frequency estimation using fault tree analysis (FTA) and consequence estimation using the process hazard analysis software tool (PHAST). As a result of our FTA study on explosion accidents in the absorber column as a top event, we identified 25 basic events and eight intermediate events that lead to the top event. The probability of a T-102 explosion was estimated to approximately 3.55E-03 per year, which satisfies international safety regulations. Additionally, we performed consequence estimation for three types of accidents in an absorber, namely toxic substance leakage, explosions, and fireballs, under two different weather conditions, namely modest and worst conditions. It was determined that in the event of a toxic substance leakage accident, the effect zone of acid gas with high toxic substance content is approximately four-times larger than that of raw gas. Keywords: Quantitative Risk Assessment, Safety, Fault Tree Analysis, Consequence Assessment, CO2 Separation
capture capacity of approximately 40,000 tons per year [1,9]. The U.S. DOE announced that approximately $2.66 billion has been invested for CO2 utilization since 2010 and the corresponding market of CO2-derived products is gradually increasing [10]. This market expansion is leading to the full deployment of various CO2 capture and utilization processes. Particularly as new advanced technologies, CO2 can be utilized in a variety of ways and products: chemical and fuels (e.g., hydrocarbons, urea, formic acid, methanol, and salicylic acid) production, mineralization processes and beverage and food processing (e.g., acidifying agents) [10]. The CCS capacity has also increased up to an industrial scale; very large-scale aminebased CO2 absorption (80 ton of CO2 per day) has been recently accomplished in US and China [11]. Usually, before the scale-up for commercializing, the plant and process should be investigated from the perspective of safety. A lack of information regarding potential risks or past accidents poses a significant challenge for risk assessment [12]. Regardless, there have been several studies on the risk assessment and safety improvement of amine-based CO2 capture processes. Krzemien et al. quantitatively analyzed the corrosion rates of equipment using aqueous amine solution flows [13]. They also analyzed the vulnerabilities of the CO2 capture process and identified critical hazards through the HAZOP study [12].
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