Quantum Physics States, Observables and Their Time Evolution
This is an introductory graduate course on quantum mechanics, which is presented in its general form by stressing the operator approach. Representations of the algebra of the harmonic oscillator and of the algebra of angular momentum are determined i
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um Physics
States, Observables and Their Time Evolution
Quantum Physics
Arno Bohm • Piotr Kielanowski • G. Bruce Mainland
Quantum Physics States, Observables and Their Time Evolution
123
Arno Bohm Department of Physics University of Texas Austin TX, USA
Piotr Kielanowski Department of Physics CINVESTAV Mexico City Mexico
G. Bruce Mainland Department of Physics Ohio State University Columbus OH, USA
ISBN 978-94-024-1758-6 ISBN 978-94-024-1760-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1760-9 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature B.V. The registered company address is: Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311 GX Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Preface
“Quantum Mechanics” is the description of the behavior of matter and light in all its details and, in particular, of the happenings on an atomic scale. Things on a very small scale behave like nothing you have any direct experience about. They do not behave like waves, they do not behave like particles, they do not behave like clouds, or billiard balls, or weights on springs, or like anything you have ever seen.—Richard Feynman
This book has been written to serve as a text for an introductory graduate course; much of the material can also be used for an advanced, undergraduate course. Its precursor1 has been used many times in a 1-year, introductory, graduate course. Throughout the text either theoretical developments have been motivated by experimental observations or theory has been used to explain experimental data. The authors have made a significant effort to make the material more easily accessible by (a) providing systematic explanations, (b) presenting logical step-bystep derivations, (c) imbedding solved examples in the text at appropriate places to clarify the ongoing discussion, (d) summariz
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