Quantum States of Light
This book explains what quantum states of light look like. Of special interest, a single photon state is explained by using a wave picture, showing that it corresponds to the complementarity of a quantum. Also explained is how light waves are created by p
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Akira Furusawa
Quantum States of Light
123
SpringerBriefs in Mathematical Physics Volume 10
Series editors Nathanaël Berestycki, Cambridge, UK Mihalis Dafermos, Cambridge, UK Tohru Eguchi, Tokyo, Japan Atsuo Kuniba, Tokyo, Japan Matilde Marcolli, Pasadena, USA Bruno Nachtergaele, Davis, USA
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11953
Akira Furusawa
Quantum States of Light
123
Akira Furusawa Department of Applied Physics The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
ISSN 2197-1757 ISSN 2197-1765 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Mathematical Physics ISBN 978-4-431-55958-0 ISBN 978-4-431-55960-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55960-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015957783 © The Author(s) 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by SpringerNature The registered company is Springer Japan KK
Preface
We learn about the properties of quantized optical fields in quantum optics. Although this may sound old and traditional, it is not. In reality, we assumed optical fields as classical fields until very recently. We did not have to quantize the field because our light source was only a laser and whose state, a coherent state, can be regarded as a classical field. We have to use quantum optics nowadays, of course. It is because squeezed light is easily created these days and we have to handle it. Squeezed light is a pure quantum mechanical state, which cannot be described without quantum optics. In that sense, the “phase transition” occurred when Slusher et al. created the squeezed light for the very first time in 1985. After the “phase transition,” various “pure” quantum states were created, which include superposition of a vacuum and a single-photon state, a Schrödinger’s cat state, and so on. In this book, we explain the definition and the way to create these “modern” quantum states of light. For that purpose we use many figures to visualize the quantum states to help the readers’
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