Questions of Concern in Drawing Up a Remote Sensing Change Detection Plan

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REVIEW ARTICLE

Questions of Concern in Drawing Up a Remote Sensing Change Detection Plan Sayyed Bagher Fatemi Nasrabadi1 Received: 11 June 2018 / Accepted: 1 May 2019  Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2019

Abstract Change detection is one of the most important applications in remote sensing. Regarding the long period in data gathering by remote sensing, the potential for change detection of the planet through this technology is high. Designing a remote sensing change detection plan is a big challenge due to the existence of several options regarding methodologies and data. Previous reviews in the literature have mostly focused on the change detection methodology, while the other aspects of a change detection plan are often not studied in detail. The major aspects of a remote sensing change detection plan include subject of the change detection, the time elapsed, the study area, analysis unit, accuracy requirement, and outputs constituting focal points here. These aspects are briefed in the form of eight questions fitted in a change detection process together with related discussions. Finally, a table of the main steps involved in the change detection plan and the outputs of each step thereof is compiled. The present review exhibits that more research is necessary to explore additional aspects of a change detection plan beyond the existing change detection methods. Keywords Change detection  Data  Method  Plan  Remote sensing  Review

Introduction The remote sensing (RS) data have a synoptic view that has made it the main tool for the change detection (CD) (Schott 1989). As a consequence, one of the most popular applications of RS is change detection (Lu et al. 2004; Alberga 2009; Lu et al. 2014). Change detection by RS is the process of extracting information from two or more RS images/data acquired on the same geographical region but in different dates about objects in order to detect changes in geometric, thematic or spectral properties of mentioned objects. A RS change detection application contains some fundamental differences with the common RS applications which focus on a single snapshot of the objects. These major differences are in: variety of resources, outputs, data volume, preprocessing, post-processing, reference data & Sayyed Bagher Fatemi Nasrabadi [email protected] 1

Department of Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Transportation, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jarib Avenue, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran

collection and accuracy assessment. Consequently, CD through RS is considered as a challenging issue among other RS applications. The most crucial aspect of a change detection plan is in how the subject of the CD (the change detection application) is defined. Change detection through RS is usually based on detecting changed radiances, backscatters (Marin et al. 2015), textures and patterns which are sometimes confusing. There exist certain environmental factors that could cause failure in a CD project. Singh (1989) noted that atmospheric conditions, differences in sun a