Racial Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms among Latina/o College Students: The Role of Racism-Related Vigilance and
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Racial Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms among Latina/o College Students: The Role of Racism‑Related Vigilance and Sleep Catherine M. Pichardo1 · Kristine M. Molina2 · Carlos E. Rosas1 · Marbella Uriostegui1 · Lisa Sanchez‑Johnsen3 Accepted: 19 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Latinx college students are at high risk of suffering from depressive symptoms. A factor posited to influence depressive symptoms among Latinx college students is racial/ethnic discrimination. However, the mechanisms which link racial/ethnic discrimination to depressive symptoms are not well understood. This study examined the mediating role of racism-related vigilance and sleep-related factors (i.e., sleep quality, sleep efficiency) on the relationship between perceived intergroup racial/ ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms. Participants were 194 Latina/o college students enrolled at a Midwestern university designated as a Hispanic-Serving Institution. Path analysis was conducted to investigate whether racism-related vigilance and sleep-related factors (i.e., sleep quality, sleep efficiency) are potential pathways in the relationship between intergroup racial/ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms. Path analysis revealed that racism-related vigilance and sleep quality sequentially mediated the effect of perceived intergroup racial/ethnic discrimination on depressive symptoms. Sleep efficiency did not mediate the relationship between racial/ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms. This study is among the first to document that intergroup racial/ethnic discrimination is negatively related to mental health through both cognitive and behavioral mechanisms. This research has important implications for understanding how discrimination may influence mental health outcomes among Latinx college students. Keywords Latina/os · Racial/ethnic discrimination · Racism-related vigilance · Sleep quality · Sleep efficiency · Depressive symptoms
The project was started while Dr. Kristine Molina and Lisa Sanchez-Johnsen were at the University of Illinois at Chicago. * Catherine M. Pichardo [email protected] Kristine M. Molina [email protected] Carlos E. Rosas [email protected] Marbella Uriostegui [email protected] Lisa Sanchez‑Johnsen Lisa_Sanchez‑[email protected] 1
Departments of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
2
School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
3
Department of Family Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
In the last decade, Latinxs have accounted for approximately half of the U.S. population growth, with approximately 59.9 million Latinxs currently residing in the U.S. (Flores et al. 2019). Concurrently, the Latinx college/university population has risen exponentially, from 8.0% in 1996 to 19.1% in 2016 (Bauman 2017). Moreover, nearly 20% of Latinx college students in the U.S. report having depression (Lipson et al. 2018). These data are concerning, given that mental health pro
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