Randomized Controlled Trial of a Behavior Change Intervention to Increase Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Prost
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Behavior Change Intervention to Increase Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Prostate Cancer Survivors Erin L. McGowan, PhD & Scott North, MD & Kerry S. Courneya, Ph.D
# The Society of Behavioral Medicine 2013
Abstract Background Physical activity improves health in prostate cancer survivors; however, participation rates are low. Purpose This study aims to determine the effects of an implementation intention intervention on physical activity and quality of life in prostate cancer survivors. Methods Prostate cancer survivors (N=423) were randomly assigned to a standard physical activity recommendation, a self-administered implementation intention, or a telephoneassisted implementation intention. Physical activity and quality of life were assessed at baseline, 1, and 3 months. Results Analyses of covariance using multiple imputation showed that physical activity at 1 month increased by 86 min/week in the standard physical activity recommendation group compared with 168 min/week in the selfadministered implementation intention group (P=0.023) and 105 min/week in the telephone-assisted implementation intention group (P=0.35). Conclusions A self-administered implementation intention intervention resulted in a meaningful short-term increase in physical activity. Supplementation with additional intervention E. L. McGowan (*) School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Physical Education Building (PE 2022B), A1C 5S7, St. John’s, NL, Canada e-mail: [email protected] S. North Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, T6G 1Z2, Edmonton, AB, Canada e-mail: [email protected] K. S. Courneya Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, E-488 Van Vliet Center, T6G 2H9, Edmonton, AB, Canada e-mail: [email protected]
strategies and more frequent intervention may improve longerterm exercise. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01410656). Keywords Physical activity . Behavior change . Prostate cancer . Quality of life
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in men in Canada, with 26,500 new cases and 4,300 deaths in 2012 [1]. Treatments for prostate cancer improve survival; however, they also produce significant negative acute, chronic, or late-appearing side effects that lead to declines in physical functioning and quality of life [2]. In systematic reviews, physical activity has been shown to improve a number of health outcomes in prostate cancer survivors including fatigue, muscular strength, health-related quality of life, and physical functioning [2–4]. Unfortunately, the majority of prostate cancer survivors are not meeting physical activity guidelines [5]. This is not surprising, as research has found that cancer survivors’ physical activity levels significantly decrease during treatment and often do not return to prediagnosis levels (e.g., [6–9]). Recent research has also suggested that physical activity after prost
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