Rapid diagnosis of two marine viruses, red sea bream iridovirus and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus by PCR combined w
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Rapid diagnosis of two marine viruses, red sea bream iridovirus and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus by PCR combined with lateral flow assay Haneul Seo1 • Eui-Joon Kil1,4 • Chairina Fadhila1 • Thuy Thi Bich Vo1 Chung-Kyoon Auh2 • Taek-Kyun Lee3 • Sukchan Lee1
•
Received: 5 November 2019 / Accepted: 17 March 2020 Indian Virological Society 2020
Abstract Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) and Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) are the most important viral marine pathogens in South Korea because RSIV and VHSV infect and cause high mortality rates in major fish species such as Paralichthys olivaceus and Sebastes schlegelii. These viruses can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally, and early diagnosis is imperative. In this research, RSIV and VHSV viral genomes are detected by PCR-lateral flow assay (LFA). PCR-LFA is sensitive, capable of detecting a viral genome at a concentration of 2–200 fg/lL. Development of this detection method is very meaningful because LFA is simple, requiring a minimum of personnel training to perform. Additionally, LFA requires less time than other detection methods and can be an immediate detection tool that is indispensable in preventing rapid viral spread. Keywords Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) PCR Lateral flow assay
& Sukchan Lee [email protected] 1
College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
2
Department of Biological Science, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Korea
3
South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Korea
4
Present Address: Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
Introduction Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is classified in the Novirhabdovirus genus from the Rhabdoviridae family [4]. Various marine and freshwater fish species are known to be infected by VHSV [11]. This virus can cause systemic hemorrhaging in the internal organs, skin, muscle, and other tissues of fish [8]. VHSV can cause major damage in marine and freshwater fish farms [11, 12]. In recent years, fish farms have become commonplace for breeding many fish species, and VHSV is able to be transmitted horizontally through water transfer [1, 8]. Severe VHSV outbreaks have occurred in Europe, the Great Lakes of the United States, and other regions worldwide [1, 5, 16]. Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) is one of megalocytiviruses, Viruses in the Iridoviridae family have large dsDNA genomes that can be infectious to diverse vertebrates and invertebrates [15]. Infection with RSIV has been found in freshwater and marine fish species in Korea [13]. Like VHSV, RSIV is transmitted horizontally through water [17], causing a high infection rate [13, 15]. In recent years, molecular biological methods like PCR or other amplification tools and serological methods based on antibodies, for example, enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assays (ELISA), have been used
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