Rapidly Solidified Titanium
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RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED TITANIUM F. H. FROESa AND R. G. ROWEb aAir Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories,
Materials Laboratory,
AFWAL/MLLS, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433 bGeneral Electric Company, Corporate Research and Development Center, P.O. Box 8,
Bldg.
K-I,
263 MB, Schenectady,
NY 12301
ABSTRACT The attributes and requirements for rapid solidification (RS) are discussed and related to the characteristics of the titanium system. The extreme reactivity of liquid titanium requires the development of RS production methods tailored to this system. Compaction and processing techniques are presented followed by a discussion of the various alloy classes which have been produced by the RS approach: conventional alloys such as Ti-6AI-4V, rare earths, metalloids, eutectoid formers, beta alloys, amorphous materials, high aluminum alloys, aluminides, and other minor classes. Finally some thoughts on the future of this technology are presented.
INTRODUCTION Scope Powder metallurgy (PM) can conveniently be separated into two general areas, the traditional press-and-sinter approach, where alloy elements are blended together, and the newer prealloyed technique [i'. For the titanium system a second sub-division of the prealloyed method can be made [21. In the first category the PM approach is used as a low cost method for production of conventional alloy parts at essentially the same mechanical behavior levels as cast and wrought ingot metallurgy (IM) material. The second involves RS leading to production of unique alloys with enhanced mechanical behavior levels or unique microstructures in conventional alloys again with the same effect. It is this subject of unique alloys/ microstructures which will be presented in the present paper. The technology which surrounds solidification methods such as the Plasma Rotating Electrode Process (PREP) of conventional titanium alloys like Ti-6AI-4V will not be covered here. Thus the shape making techniques such as the Ceramic Mold Process will not be discussed in this paper. Also compaction or processing methods which relate generally to conventional titanium will not be covered. The interested reader is referred to a number of comprehensive review articles on conventional titanium PM, which cover both press-and-sinter (blended elemental) and prealloyed approaches, for further details [2-41. The present paper will cover both crystalline and amorphous materials, but the emphasis will be on applications with structural requirements rather than physical requirements. A general discussion on the attributes of RS will be followed by specific characteristics relating to the titanium system. The potential for application of RS to titanium alloys will be presented. A discussion of production methods for RS titanium will be followed by compaction techniques and processing methods. The alloy systems investigated to date will be discussed and finally some thoughts on where this technology may go in the future will be presented.
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 58. ' 1986 Materials Research Societ
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