Rare Bolivian wild chile Capsicum eshbaughii (Solanaceae) located again: open ending on its identity and conservation
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Rare Bolivian wild chile Capsicum eshbaughii (Solanaceae) located again: open ending on its identity and conservation Carolina Carrizo García1,2 · Lisandro Fernández1 · Vildana Kapetanovic2 · Ximena Reyes3 Received: 19 September 2019 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A new finding of the rare chile Capsicum eshbaughii (Solanaceae), whose location in the field had repeatedly failed in the past, is here reported. The species is poorly known and therefore new data on flowers, fruits, seeds, and chromosome number are provided. The relationships of C. eshbaughii, particularly relative to C. eximium, are explored based on DNA sequence data. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed through Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses using sequence data from four cpDNA intergenic spacers and nuclear waxy. Relationships among haplotypes, using sequences of five cpDNA intergenic spacers, were analysed through a median-joining network. The close affinity of C. eshbaughii with C. eximium is strongly supported although the results are not conclusive about the rank of C. eshbaughii, either as a separate species or as a variety of C. eximium. Issues regarding conservation of the species are also discussed. Keywords Capsicum · Endangered species · Wild chile
Introduction Sweet and hot chiles, vegetables and spices consumed worldwide, belong to the American genus Capsicum L. (Solanaceae). There are five cultivated Capsicum species, namely C. annuum L., C. chinense Jacq., C. frutescens L., C. baccatum L., and C. pubescens Ruiz & Pav., with C. annuum being the best known and most variable regarding the fruit colour, shape, size, and level of pungency. Currently, at least 35 wild Capsicum species are recognized, distributed along Central-South America (Carrizo García et al. 2016; Barboza et al. 2019, 2020). Among the wild Handling Editor: Mauricio Bonifacino. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01712-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Carolina Carrizo García [email protected] 1
Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICETUNC), Córdoba, Argentina
2
Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
3
Centro de Investigaciones Fitoecogenéticas de Pairumani, Cochabamba, Bolivia
Capsicum species, several are endemic to very narrow areas, sometimes with particular environmental conditions [e.g. C. friburgense Bianch. & Barboza (Barboza and De Bem Bianchetti 2005) or C. tovarii Eshbaugh, P.G.Sm. & Nickrent (Eshbaugh et al. 1983)], making them vulnerable species. One such example is C. eshbaughii Barboza, a species probably endemic to a small area in the surroundings of Mairana and Samaipata, in Florida Province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia (Fig. 1; see discussion about a disjunct collection). The species was originally described as a variety, i.e. C. ex
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