Rare Diseases and Syndromes of the Spinal Cord

This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of rare diseases and syndromes of the spinal cord, collected over the past forty years from all the world's literature. Each chapter in this volume is organized in the same easy-to-follow format, co

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Ibrahim M. Eltorai

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Rare Diseases and Syndromes of the Spinal Cord

Ibrahim M. Eltorai

Rare Diseases and Syndromes of the Spinal Cord

Ibrahim M. Eltorai The Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Healthcare Group The Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System Long Beach, CA USA

ISBN 978-3-319-45146-6    ISBN 978-3-319-45147-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45147-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016959045 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland The registered company address is Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

This book is dedicated to my beloved wife Salwa who was my guardian angel, my inspiration, friend, and the light of my life. Her guidance and support, for nearly 60 years, remain in my heart and mind and will never be forgotten.

Acknowledgments

• Department of the Veterans Administration, Long Beach, for their encouragement as a volunteer to continue this research. • The Spinal Cord Injury Service at the Long Beach V.A. Medical Center, where I worked and conducted my research for nearly four decades. • My assistant, Leslie K. Shimoda, who was instrumental in doing the meticulous literature research for the updates, bookkeeping, as well as typing the manuscript. • Many thanks to the Springer Publishing Company staff and to everyone who helped with this book, including each editor individually. • My grandson, Adam Eltorai, who is an MD/PhD candidate, for facilitating the communications with Springer, since my eyesight is very poor. • Many thanks to the libraries of the Long Beach VA Medical Center and the University of California, Irvine, for giving me access to the literature research. • Stanley van den Noort (1930–2009) the former Dean of Medicine at the medical school in Irvine, and chairman of the Neurosciences Department, was a