Rate-Distortion Based Video Compression Optimal Video Frame Compress
One of the most intriguing problems in video processing is the removal of the redundancy or the compression of a video signal. There are a large number of applications which depend on video compression. Data compression represents the enabling technology
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RATE-DISTORTION BASED VIDEO COMPRESSION Optimal Video Frame Compression and Object Boundary Encoding
Guido M. SCHUSTER U.S. Robotics Skokie, Illinois, USA and
Aggelos K. KATSAGGELOS Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois, USA
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C I..P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-1-4419-5172-4 ISBN 978-1-4757-2566-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-2566-7
Printed an acid-tree paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1997 Softcover reprint of the hardcover lst edition 1997 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ ing photocopying, record ing or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
To Dawn
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
xi
LIS'r OF TABLES
xviii
Preface
1
INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
2
Motivation for video compression Problem Statement Contributions Overview Summary
REVIEW OF LOSSY VIDEO COMPRESSION 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5
3
xix
Lossless versus lossy compression Motion compensated waveform coding Three dimensional waveform coding Model-based video coding Summary
BACKGROUND 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
Rate distortion theory Operational rate distortion theory Lagrangian multiplier method Dynamic programming Shortest path algorithm Summary vii
1 1 3 10 11 12
13 13 15 34 37 42 43 43 48 56
62 67 71
viii
4
RATE-DISTORTION BASED VIDEO COMPRESSION
GENERAL CONTRIBUTIONS 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6
5
Optimal bit allocation for dependent quantizers using the minimum total distortion criterion Very fast convex search based on a Bezier curve Optimal bit allocation for dependent quantizers using the minimum maximum distortion criterion Optimal scanning path for a quad-tree decomposition Optimal quad-tree decomposition with leaf dependencies Summary
OPTIMAL MOTION ESTIMATION AND MOTION COMPENSATED INTERPOLATION FOR VIDEO COMPRESSION 5.1 Optimal region matching 5.2 Optimal QT-based motion estimator 5.3 Motion compensated interpolation 5.4 Summary
6
A VIDEO COMPRESSION SCHEME WITH OPTIMAL BIT ALLOCATION BETWEEN DISPLACEMENT VECTOR FIELD AND DISPLACED FRAME DIFFERENCE 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Notation and assumptions 6.3 Lossless MCVC 6.4 LossyMCVC 6.5 The minimum maximum distortion approach 6.6 A video compression scheme with optimal bit allocation 6.7 6.8 6.9
between DVF and DFD Implementation Issues Experiments Summary
73 74 78 81 88 101 122
123 124 134 142 148
151 152 154 155 160 161 162 167 168 184
Contents
7
A VIDEO COMPRESSION SCHEME WITH OPTIMAL BIT ALLOCATION AMONG SEGMENTATION, MOTION AND RESIDUAL ERROR 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7
8
lX
Introduction Notation and assumptions Lossless VBSMCVC Lossy VBSMCVC Implementation Experimental Results Summary
AN OPTIMAL POLYGONAL BOUNDARY ENCODING SCHEME 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10
Introduction Problem For
