Rate-distortion/complexity analysis of HEVC, VVC and AV1 video codecs
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Rate-distortion/complexity analysis of HEVC, VVC and AV1 video codecs D. Garc´ıa-Lucas1
2 · P. Cuenca1 ´ ´ · G. Cebrian-M arquez
Received: 22 October 2019 / Revised: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 / © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract With the advent of smartphones and tablets, the amount of online video traffic has increased enormously. This, together with the growing popularity of high-definition video, motivated the development of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, released in 2013, with the aim of achieving a 50% bitrate reduction with respect to its predecessor, namely H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC). However, new contents with greater resolutions and requirements arise every day, making it necessary to reduce the bitrate to a further extent. In this regard, the efforts to become the leading video codec in the market resulted in two main contenders: the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET), which leads the development of the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard, and the Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia), which spearheads the AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) project. In this context, this paper presents a rate-distortion/complexity analysis of HEVC, VVC and AV1 main video codecs using objective measures of assessment in order to analyze their real capabilities. The analysis, which was done using well-defined test conditions, reveals that VVC considerably outperforms both HEVC and AV1 in terms of coding efficiency. Keywords HEVC · VVC · AV1 · Computational time · Coding efficiency
This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and the European Commission (FEDER funds) under project RTI2018-098156-B-C52, by the Regional Government of Castilla-La Mancha under project SBPLY/ 17/180501/000353, and by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports under grant FPU16/05692. D. Garc´ıa-Lucas
[email protected] G. Cebri´an-M´arquez [email protected] P. Cuenca [email protected] 1
High Performance Networks and Architectures group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
2
Escuela T´ecnica Superior de Ingenieros Inform´aticos, Universidad Polit´ecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction Over the last decades, the market for standardized video codecs has been dominated by the standardization groups ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG): H.261 (1991), MPEG-1 (1993), MPEG2 (1994), H.263 (1995), MPEG-4 (1998) and H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) (2003) [14]. From 2010, the two organizations merged their efforts into the so-called Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), which resulted in the release of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard in 2013. This new video coding standard was released as MPEG-H Part 2 by ISO/IEC, and as H.265 by ITU-T [15]. HEVC was developed to replace the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard, which had dominated digital video services in all segments of the
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