Re-cycling of construction and demolition waste and steel slag: characterization of the durability
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REVIEW
Re‑cycling of construction and demolition waste and steel slag: characterization of the durability António José Roque1 · Gonçalo Manuel Rodrigues1 · Paula F. da Silva2 Received: 30 December 2019 / Accepted: 21 May 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The main objective of the study was to evaluate the durability of a crushed concrete aggregate, processed from construction and demolition waste and an inert siderurgical aggregate for construction, processed from electric arc furnace steel slag, with a view to boosting their re-cycling, minimizing the consumption of non-renewable natural resources and preserving the capacity of landfills. Both recycled aggregates were selected based on their high availability worldwide and to be generally associated with suitable engineering properties. However, in many cases, their acceptance by the end-users continues to be very low. One reason for continuing this distrust is the lack of knowledge about the durability of both materials. In natural aggregates, durability has been considered as an important mechanical property in the evaluation of their performance, but it has not been studied in recycled aggregates; so, slake durability tests were carried out. Their durability was compared with the behaviour of two reference natural aggregates, a basalt and a limestone. To complement the durability results obtained, macropetrographic and micropetrographic examinations as well as physical characterizations were performed. The results of the tests showed that, under the test conditions adopted, both recycled aggregates present durability which foresees their use in civil engineering applications. Keywords Durability · Construction and demolition waste · Steel slag · Recycled aggregates · Reference natural aggregates · Laboratory tests
Introduction In European Union (EU) as well as around the world, every year, a huge amount of waste is produced. On the other hand, the construction industry consumes, annually, about 50% of the natural aggregate resources [1]. Because of that, over recent years, an increase in waste re-cycling has been encouraged pursuing sustainability and circular economy.
* António José Roque [email protected] Gonçalo Manuel Rodrigues [email protected] Paula F. da Silva [email protected] 1
Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Av. do Brasil, 101, 1700‑066 Lisboa, Portugal
GeoBioTec e Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829‑516 Caparica, Portugal
2
Conversely, the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources has been discouraged. Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) accounts for about one-third of the annual waste produced in the EU, and has been considered as a priority waste stream. Approximately, 800 million Mg of CDW are produced yearly and the average re-cycling rate for the EU-28 countries is 46% [2]. However, this rate is still far below of the minimum (70% by weight) to be achieved in 2020 [3]. In other regions of the world [4], some with m
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