Reaching consensus with human beings through blockchain as an ethical rule of strong artificial intelligence
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OPINION PAPER
Reaching consensus with human beings through blockchain as an ethical rule of strong artificial intelligence Hengjin Cai1 Received: 24 August 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Developing effective AI ethical norms requires clarifying the essential differences between humans and machines. The present body structure and consciousness of human beings, as carbon-based organisms, have been formed in harmony with the physical environment through long-term evolution. Silicon-based machines, which are created by humans, have been endowed with fragments of consciousness, but they lack a holistic and coherent sense of self and fail to integrate with the environment naturally. Along the current development path of AI, machines may lead humans into traps of dark infinities even before machines become self-aware. Therefore, it is imperative to involve humans in the development of the consciousness and the teaching of machines so that even if machines become self-aware later, they can integrate cognitive attractors that can be unified with those of humans and the physical world. Integrating blockchain technology with human intelligence and machine intelligence provides a possible way to achieve the goal and develop the basic rules of AI ethics. Keywords Ethical rule · Dark infinity · Cognitive attractors
1 Introduction The rapid development of artificial intelligence has brought forth two important philosophical questions. The first involves the prediction that rational machines are bound to surpass humans. One mainstream view is that since humans are composed of molecules and atoms, which are considered parts of a reducible physical system, what is the meaning of human existence? Simply put, machines can outperform humans as long as they are given a certain goal in any finite game, while humans are forced to find the meaning of their existence, including morality and ethics. The second dilemma is that when confronted with the constant transcendences by machines, in case man cannot be physically reduced, then we must answer these questions: is humankind particular or transcendent? If so, from where is the transcendence derived? Is a machine able to acquire this particularity or transcendence? If so, how will machines evolve and get along with humans in the future?
* Hengjin Cai [email protected] 1
School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
To address the quandaries brought about by the rapid development of AI, brain–computer interface (BCI) technology can be considered as one solution. Other than modifying humans through gene editing, BCI technology makes humans more like machines and has begun to blur the boundary between humans and machines. Another way is to make machines more humanlike. Emotional computing, hyperbrain planning and so on can be seen as different attempts of this approach. For instance, at the Consumer Electronics Show in 2020, Samsung officially unveiled Neon, a virtual AI. It impressed us not only with its humanlike appeara
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