Reactions between particulate solids: Viscous flow and knudsen diffusion
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ANi0 ,Ap CCO CCOs Deco
FNi 0 ,Fp k R Rp r NiO VNi0 , Vp t X
S u r f a c e a r e a s of n i c k e l oxide g r a i n and pellet, respectively, cm 2 M o l a r c o n c e n t r a t i o n of c a r b o n m o n o x i d e , g-mole/cm 3 M o l a r c o n c e n t r a t i o n of c a r b o n m o n o x i d e at pellet surface, g-mole/cm 3 E f f e c t i v e d i f f u s i v i t y of c a r b o n m o n o x i d e , cm2/s Shape f a c t o r s of n i c k e l oxide g r a i n and p e l let, r e s p e c t i v e l y R e a c t i o n r a t e c o n s ta n t , c m / s Pellet coordinate, cm Pellet half-thickness, cm G r a i n c o o r d i n a t e , cm G r a i n r a d i u s of n i c k e l oxide, c m V o l u m e of n i c k e l o x id e g r a i n and p e l l e t , r e s p e c t i v e l y , cm 3 Reaction time, s E x t e n t of r e a c t i o n .
GREEK LETTERS Porosity E f f e c t i v e n e s s f a c t o r , d e f i n e d in E q s . [7a]
and [Tb] PNiO
D e n s i t y of n i c k e l oxide, m o l e / c m 3 G a s - s o l i d r e a c t i o n m o d u l u s , d e f i n e d in E q .
[6]. T h e a u t h o r s w i s h to thank the A. E. A n d e r s o n F o u n d a t i o n f o r p a r t i a l s u p p o r t of this i n v e s t i g a t i o n t h r o u g h a g r a n t to the C e n t e r f o r P r o c e s s M e t a l l u r g y . 1. C. I. Lin: PhD Dissertation, State Universityof New York at Buffalo, 1975. 2. A. Bielanski,R. Dziembajand H. Urbanska: Bull. Acad. PoL Sci. Set. ScL Chim., 1971, vol. 19, no. 6-7, pp. 447-55. 3. J.H. Krasuk and J. M. Smith: AIChEJ., 1972, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 506-12. 4. H. Mine,M. Tokudaand M. Ohtani: Nippon Kinzoku Gakkaishi, 1970, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 814-20. 5. T. Mine,H. Suzuki, T. Seiyamaand W. Sakai: Kagyo Kagaku Zasshi, 1962, vol. 65, pp. 473-78. 6. W.A.Oates and D. D. Todd: J. Aust. Inst. Metals, 1962, vol. 7, pp. 109-14. 7. A.S. Tumarev,L. A. Panyushin and V. A. Pushkarev: lzv. Vyssh. Ucheb. Zaved. Tsvet. Met., 1965,vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 39-44. 8. E. S. Vorontsovand V. D. Suikovaskaya: lzv. Vyssk Ucheb. Zaved. Cherrt Met., 1969, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 5-8. 9. J. Szekely,C. I. Lin and H. Y. Sohn: Chem. Eng. ScL, 1973, vol.28, pp. 1975-89. 10. H.Y. Sohn and J. Szekely: Chem. Eng. Sci., 1972,vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 76378. 11. E.A. Mason,A. P. Malinauskas and R. B. Evans, 111: J. Chem. Phys., 1967, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 3199-218. 12. R. Aris: Elementary Chemical Reactor Anatysis, pp. 128-35,Prentice-Hall, EnglewoodCliffs,N. J., 1969. METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS B
Reactions Between Particulate Solids: Viscous Flow and Knudsen Diffusion Y. K. RAO and Y. K. CHUANG R e a c t i o n s b e t w e e n s o l i d o x i d e p a r t i c l e s and c a r b o n a c e o u s m a t e r i a l u n d e r l i e the d i r e c t r e d u c t i o n p r o c e s s e s f o r i r o n - m a k i n g and the c a r b o t h e r m i c r e d u c t i o n p r o c e s s f o r the m a n u f a c t u r e of z i n c . C a r e f u l s t u d i e s of the m e c h a n i s m h a v e e s t a b l i s h e d that the r e d u c t i o n of o x i d e p a r t i c l e s by s o l i d c a r b o n o c c u
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