Reactivity of fluororubber-modified aluminum in terms of heat transfer effect
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Reactivity of fluororubber‑modified aluminum in terms of heat transfer effect Yaru Li1 · Hui Ren1 · Tao Yan1 · Qingjie Jiao1 · Huixin Wang1 Received: 7 August 2019 / Accepted: 6 April 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Fluororubber-modified aluminum (AlF) was investigated by core–shell heat transfer model and compared with traditional aluminum with oxide shell (AlO) in terms of heat transfer effect on the reaction behavior of aluminum. Reaction delay behaviors of both AlF and AlO were calculated with diameter ranging from 200 nm to 3.2 µm at different environment temperature. Calculation results showed that AlF got the upper hand over AlO in terms of reaction delay. In the same heat transfer condition, AlF could participate in the reaction with significantly shorter delay time than AlO, which benefits the energy release of the aluminum. Ceiling shell thickness of AlF was determined according to the basic timescale and temperature profile of the explosive reaction zone. Detonation velocity test of AlF was performed with two kinds of AlO as comparisons. Test proved the AlF exhibited higher reactivity than nanoaluminum. Besides, formulation with AlF showed higher detonation velocity than that with AlO, which on the other side verified the reliability of the heat transfer model. Finally, reaction model of AlF in detonation environment was proposed containing three main procedures. Keywords Fluororubber · Aluminum · Heat transfer · Reaction delay · Shell thickness
Introduction Aluminum is a kind of metal with high heat release when reacts with oxygen to form alumina [1, 2]. Soon after energetic materials field discovered this advantage, aluminum has been widely used in the explosives or propellants to improve the heat release level of the system [3–5]. In theory, explosive temperature is high enough to ignite the aluminum, but the existence of the inert oxide shell with high melting point impedes the heat transfer process and therefore delays the combustion reaction of aluminum [6, 7]. When it comes to the heat release, reaction rate matters most. The sooner aluminum can participate in the reaction the higher heat we can obtain [8]. This is because aluminum can take the most advantage of the temperature produced by
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09676-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hui Ren [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
explosives and therefore reach the highest reaction degree. Many researches have focused on the removal or partial removal of alumina to get a better reaction performance for aluminum, and results turned out to fulfill the goal [9–12]. As for the removal of the alumina shell, certain materials have to be used as the replacement. For those materials, they have to be capable of impeding the oxidation of aluminum after removing the oxide shell. Besides, they sho
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