Real-time optimization of energy consumption under adaptive cruise control for connected HEVs
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Control Theory and Technology http://link.springer.com/journal/11768
Real-time optimization of energy consumption under adaptive cruise control for connected HEVs Jiangyan ZHANG 1† , Fuguo XU 2 1.College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian Liaoning 116600, China; 2.Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan Received 2 February 2020; revised 27 March 2020; accepted 30 March 2020
Abstract This paper presents a real-time energy optimization algorithm for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) that operates with adaptive cruise control (ACC). Real-time energy optimization is an essential issue such that the HEV powertrain system is as efficient as possible. With connected vehicle technique, ACC system shows considerable potential of high energy efficiency. Combining a classical ACC algorithm, a two-level cooperative control scheme is constructed to realize real-time power distribution for the host HEV that operates in a vehicle platoon. The proposed control strategy actually provides a solution for an optimal control problem with multi objectives in terms of string stable of vehicle platoon and energy consumption minimization of the individual following vehicle. The string stability and the real-time optimization performance of the cooperative control system are confirmed by simulations with respect to several operating scenarios. Keywords: Connected vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, adaptive cruise control, real-time optimization DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11768-020-0020-7
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Introduction
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are introduced as efficient alternatives to conventional vehicles powered by internal combustion engines due to the improved energy efficiency and emission reduction [1]. Meanwhile, driven by the network and information techniques, connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) have been the potential advanced transportation system for safety,
convenience, and energy efficiency [2]. These significant advantages of the innovative HEVs and CAVs lie in that efficient control strategies can be developed to manipulate the involved powertrain systems [3–5]. For the CAVs, adaptive cruise control (ACC) design has attracted considerable attentions. ACC generally aims to control several vehicles in a platoon with consistent speed and keep desired spacing to the adjacent preceding vehicle [6]. The evaluation index for ACC sys-
† Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel.: +86-411-87631433; fax: +86-411-87656133. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (NNSF) of China (No. 61973053).
© 2020 South China University of Technology, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
J. Zhang, F. Xu / Control Theory Tech, Vol.
tem is associated with the string stability. A strong string stability definition is provided in [7]. In [8], the definition is extended to several cases with respect to the information flow topologies of the
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