Realization of Superhydrophobic Surfaces Based on Three-Dimensional Printing Technology
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Realization of Superhydrophobic Surfaces Based on Three‑Dimensional Printing Technology Beomchan Kang1 · Jaebum Sung1 · Hongyun So1,2 Received: 9 April 2019 / Revised: 27 September 2019 / Accepted: 1 October 2019 © Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2019
Abstract A superhydrophobic surface was successfully realized using fused deposition modeling-type three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The low printing resolution (400 μm) and various printing angles from 0° to 90° were employed to print the mold for casting of polymer surfaces. The polymer surface cast from the mold exhibited waveform microstructures that had a tilting angle almost identical to the printing angle. The maximum average water contact angle (WCA) of fabricated polymer surfaces was 160°, which is much higher than that of flat (bare) polymer surfaces (up to 52.3% increase in the WCA). In particular, water droplets immediately rolled off along 8°-tilted surfaces, cast from the mold printed with printing angle of 70°. This demonstrated the superhydrophobic property. The result of this study shows the feasibility of a facile, rapid, inexpensive, and effective microfabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces using the current 3D printing technology. Keywords 3D printing · Printing angle · Superhydrophobic surface · Waveform microstructure · Rapid microfabrication
1 Introduction The control of the water contact angle (WCA), or wettability, of solid surfaces is a core technique in a wide variety of applications in fields ranging from the micro- to the macroscale [1–4]. For example, the fluid dynamics of two-phase flows and the mixing of two laminar flows in microchannels highly depend on the wettability [5–8], and a high WCA can prevent (or delay) frost formation on surfaces, thus extending the lifetime of mechanical/electrical systems in cold environments [9–12]. Based on the magnitude of the WCA, the physical property of an arbitrary surface can be classified into four groups, namely superhydrophilicity, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, and superhydrophobicity [13]. In particular, studies regarding superhydrophobic surfaces have emerged in various fields including mechanical, electrical, chemical, and biomedical engineering, because the superhydrophobicity has multiple functions such as filtration [14–16], delay of frost formation [11, 17], self-cleaning [18–20], and fluidic * Hongyun So [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
2
drag reduction [21–23]. In general, a solid surface is considered as a superhydrophobic surface when the surface has a static WCA more than 150° and a rolling-off angle less than 10° [13, 24]. To fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces, various methods including laser ablation [25, 26], plasma etching [27, 28], chemical etching [29], coating [30, 31], and sol–gel processes [32, 33] have been widely investig
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