Recent Development of Aptasensor for Influenza Virus Detection
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Review Article
Recent Development of Aptasensor for Influenza Virus Detection Soo Min Kim†, Jinmyeong Kim†, Seungwoo Noh, Hiesang Sohn & Taek Lee
*
Received: 25 July, 2020 / Accepted: 22 September, 2020 / Published online: 16 November, 2020 ⒸThe Korean BioChip Society and Springer 2020
Abstract In nowadays, we have entered the new era of pandemics and the significance of virus detection deeply impacts human society. Viruses with genetic mutations are reported nearly every year, and people have prepared tools to detect the virus and vaccines to ensure proper treatments. Influenza virus (IV) is one of the most harmful viruses reporting various mutations, sub-types, and rapid infection speed for humans and animals including swine and poultry. Moreover, IV infection presents several harmful symptoms including cough, fever, diarrhea, chills, even causing death. To reduce the IV-induced harm, its proper and rapid detection is highly required. Conventional techniques were used against various IV sub-types including H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1. However, some of the techniques are time-consuming, expensive, or labor-intensive for detecting IV. Recently, the nucleic acid-based aptamer has gained attention as a novel bioprobe for constructing a biosensor. In this review, the authors discuss the recent progress in aptasensors for detecting IV in terms of an electrochemical and an optical biosensor. Keywords: Influenza virus, Aptamer, Electrochemical, Optical, Biosensor
Introduction Globalization leads to economic growth in intercontinental commerce. People typically believe that gloDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01899, Republic of Korea † These authors contributed equally. *Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to T. Lee ( @) and K ( [email protected])
balization simultaneously provided prosperity to develop as well as developing countries. Human interactions between countries bring about explosive growth in the tourism industry that boosts the economic growth of many countries. However, though globalization brings about economic growth, it also leads to new rises in various infectious diseases and pathogenic viral agents like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)1,2, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)3, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)4,5, Zika virus6.7, and others8-10. Among them, influenza virus (IV) is extremely important in that it usually infects the host, causing the “flu” and presents with several symptoms including cough, high fever, diarrhea, and sore throat11,12. IV undergoes several mutations and easily infects humans, swine, birds, and bats almost every year13-15. Each different infected species of a host can infect other specie hosts, enabling human-to-animal spread and vice versa. Phylogenetically, IV is classified as a single-stranded negative-sense RNA, and can be divided into four types including influenza A (IAV), B (IBV), C (ICV), and D (IDV)16,17. The virus can be classified into highly
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