Recovery Capital and Symptom Improvement in Gambling Disorder: Correlations with Spirituality and Stressful Life Events
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Recovery Capital and Symptom Improvement in Gambling Disorder: Correlations with Spirituality and Stressful Life Events in Younger but Not Older Adults Belle Gavriel‑Fried1 · Tania Moretta2 · Marc N. Potenza3,4,5
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Although age-related differences have been reported in gambling disorder, prior studies have not examined how age may influence recovery in gambling disorder. Recovery may be influenced by positive factors (e.g., spirituality and recovery capital) and negative factors (e.g., depression, anxiety, and stressful life events). The current study examined associations between these positive and negative factors and gambling disorder DSM-5 symptom improvement in younger and older adults. Younger (less than 55 years of age; n = 86) and older (55 years or older; n = 54) adults, with lifetime gambling disorder treated currently or within the past 5 years in five treatment centers in Israel were assessed using structured scales on past-year and lifetime DSM-5 gambling disorder, intrinsic spirituality, recovery capital, anxiety, depression and stressful life-events. Among younger adults, recovery capital and intrinsic spirituality were associated with gambling disorder symptom improvement. Among older adults, only recovery capital was associated with gambling disorder symptom improvement. Correlations between recovery capital and spirituality (z = 2.34, p = 0.02) and recovery capital and stressful life events (z = 2.29, p = 0.02) were stronger in younger than in older adults. Recovery capital is an important resource that should be considered across older and younger adults with gambling disorder. Spirituality and stressful life events may operate differently across age groups in gambling disorder. Future studies should investigate whether the findings may extend to other groups and the extent to which promoting recovery capital should be integrated into treatments for gambling disorder. Keywords Age differences · Recovery capital · Spirituality · Gambling disorder · Symptom improvement
Belle Gavriel-Fried: Visiting scholar at Yale University (2018–2019). * Belle Gavriel‑Fried [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Gambling Studies
Introduction Gambling disorder is characterized by persistent, repeated, maladaptive patterns of gambling behavior (American Psychiatric Association 2013) and affects people of all ages (Abbott et al. 2018; Welte et al. 2011). Age may influence psychological and clinical factors associated with gambling problems and disorders (Granero et al. 2014). The findings from studies comparing psychiatric symptoms and characteristics of different age groups of patients who sought or were in treatment for gambling disorder appear inconsistent (Gonzalez-Ibanez et al. 2005; Granero et al. 2014; Kausch 2004; Potenza et al. 2006). For example, a U.S. study of 1018 helpline callers (divided into two age groups of 18–54 and 55–7
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