Recovery High School Attendance Effects on Student Delinquency and Substance Use: the Moderating Role of Social Problem
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Recovery High School Attendance Effects on Student Delinquency and Substance Use: the Moderating Role of Social Problem Solving Styles Emily E. Tanner-Smith 1
&
Lindsey M. Nichols 1 & Christopher M. Loan 1 & Andrew J. Finch 2 & D. Paul Moberg 3
# Society for Prevention Research 2020
Abstract Recovery high schools (RHSs) provide educational programming and therapeutic support services for young people in recovery from substance use disorders (SUDs). The objectives of this study were to examine whether students with SUDs who attended RHSs report less delinquency and substance use than students with SUDs who attended non-RHSs, and how students’ social problem solving styles might moderate those associations. Participants were students from a longitudinal quasi-experimental study of adolescents who enrolled in high schools after receiving treatment for SUDs. The propensity-score balanced sample included 260 adolescents (143 in RHSs, 117 in non-RHSs) enrolled in schools in Minnesota, Wisconsin, or Texas (M age = 16; 83% White; 44% female). Negative binomial regression models were used to compare delinquency and substance use outcomes for RHS and non-RHS students at 6-month and 12-month follow-ups. The results indicated that students attending RHSs after discharge from SUD treatment reported less frequent delinquent behavior while intoxicated, and fewer days of substance use relative to students attending non-RHSs. Negative problem solving styles moderated the effect of RHS attendance on substance use outcomes, with RHSs providing minimal beneficial effects for those students endorsing maladaptive problem solving styles. We conclude that RHSs offer a promising continuing care approach for adolescents in recovery from SUD problems, but may vary in their effectiveness for students with impulsive, careless, or avoidant problem solving styles. Keywords Adolescents . Delinquency . Problem solving . Recovery schools . Substance use
Adolescent substance use and delinquency are critical public health concerns in the USA. In 2018, among adolescents aged 12–17, approximately 9% reported using alcohol and 8% reported using illicit drugs in the past month (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2019), and an estimated 916,000 adolescents (nearly 4% of the population) met criteria for a substance use disorder (SUD; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2019). Delinquent behavior and criminal activity are also prevalent among US Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-020-01161-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Emily E. Tanner-Smith [email protected] 1
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
2
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
3
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
adolescents. Recent national estimates indicate that among US high school students in grades 9–12, 24% reported being in a physical fight, 6% had been threatened or injured with a weapon on school pr
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