Recrystallization texture development in rare-earth (RE)-doped non-oriented silicon steel
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Recrystallization texture development in rare‑earth (RE)‑doped non‑oriented silicon steel Zheng‑hua He1 · Yu‑hui Sha1 · Yong‑kuang Gao1 · Song‑tao Chang1 · Fang Zhang1 · Liang Zuo1 Received: 30 August 2019 / Revised: 31 December 2019 / Accepted: 1 January 2020 © China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group 2020
Abstract High-grade non-oriented silicon steel with higher permeability and lower core loss has become the pursed target with the rapid development of electrical machines. The effects of rare-earth (RE) element on recrystallization texture in RE-doped Fe-3.1 wt.% Si-1.2 wt.% Al non-oriented silicon steel were investigated by macro- and micro-texture analyses. Nonlinear variation of recrystallization texture with RE element content was observed. In the competition among main recrystallization texture components, favorable {113} and λ fiber (//ND) are strengthened and unfavorable γ fiber is evidently decreased by the addition of RE element, whereas the effect of RE element is reversed by excess RE element. The recrystallization texture development is determined by RE-affected nucleation and grain growth in terms of grain boundary migration related to segregation and inclusion. The properly inhibited grain boundary mobility can promote favorable recrystallization texture by the improved nucleation and efficient grain growth. Keywords Non-oriented silicon steel · Texture · Rare-earth element · Grain boundary · Segregation
1 Introduction Non-oriented electrical steel is widely used in laminated cores of motors and generators. With rapid development of electrical machines, high-grade non-oriented silicon steel with higher permeability and lower core loss has become the pursed target. The magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel can be improved by increasing Si content, especially at Si content of 4.5 and 6.5 wt.% [1–4]. However, high silicon content faces a large challenge in the workability for thin sheet product. Recrystallization texture, grain size and purity are the critical factors for magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steel. λ fiber (//ND) is the most preferable texture since there are two easy magnetization axes within rolling plane. Fine non-metallic inclusions, such as sulfides and oxides, result in the deterioration of magnetic properties by pinning magnetic domain wall and inhibiting grain growth [5–9].
* Yu‑hui Sha [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
Rare-earth (RE) element can purify steel and modify inclusion morphology by strong affinity with oxygen and sulfur [10, 11]. The inclusions are effectively reduced and coarsened to increase final grain size in non-oriented silicon steel by adding 0.005–0.020 wt.% RE, leading to the reduced hysteresis loss and improved magnetic induction [11–13]. Moreover, RE oxides and sulfides act as nuclei to coarsen precipitated particles [14]. The effect of RE addition on magnetic properties i
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