Recyclability Study on Inconel 718 and Ti-6Al-4V Powders for Use in Electron Beam Melting
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NTRODUCTION
POWDER bed-based additive manufacturing (AM) technologies like selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) provide users the ability to melt selective areas on a uniform powder bed layer by layer to create a part using a computer aided design (CAD) model. These technologies offer advantages over conventional manufacturing technologies in terms of ease of fabrication of complex parts, reduced process steps, and potential cost savings including reduction of machining compared to conventional fabrication techniques such as casting.[1–3] In order to realize these advantages, the supply chain and reliable feedstock parameters must be established for use with the equipment. The feedstock properties such as chemistry, size distribution, porosity, flowability, and apparent density play an important role in determining the surface finish, mechanical properties, chemistry, and consistency of the fabricated parts. The cost affordability of these AM PEEYUSH NANDWANA, Postdoctoral Fellow, Deposition Science and Technology Group, RYAN R. DEHOFF, Group Leader, Deposition Science and Technology Group, LARRY E. LOWE, Staff Technician, and MICHAEL M. KIRKA, Staff Scientist, Deposition Science and Technology Group, are with the Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, and also with the Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. Contact e-mail: [email protected] WILLIAM H. PETER, Deputy Director, Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, is with the Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and also with the Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. FRANCISCO MEDINA, Senior Specialist in Materials Development Group, is with Arcam AB, Mo¨lndal, Sweden. SUDARSANAM S. BABU, Governor’s Chair, is with the Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and with the Energy and Transportation Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and also with the Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. Manuscript submitted August 4, 2015. Article published online October 20, 2015. 754—VOLUME 47B, FEBRUARY 2016
techniques also relies on the usage of recycled powders to produce parts with consistent chemistries. The high-cost powders for specialty applications like aerospace and biomedical applications make the powder reuse times a key component in governing their affordability. There has been an increased research interest in fabricating parts using EBM system commercialized by Arcam AB, Sweden. However, most studies have focused on process control, microstructural evolution, and subsequent mechanical properties. Columnar grains along the build direction is a typical microstructural feature of electron-beam fabricated samples and research is ongoing to control process parameters to break down the columnar microstructure into a more equiaxed microstructure.[1,4,5] There have been
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