Reduction of asphaltenes adsorbed on kaolinite by polymers based on cardanol
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Reduction of asphaltenes adsorbed on kaolinite by polymers based on cardanol Tatiana S. L. Maravilha1 · Antonieta Middea2 · Luciana S. Spinelli3,4 · Elizabete F. Lucas1,4 Received: 21 June 2020 / Revised: 16 October 2020 / Accepted: 7 November 2020 © Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Química 2020
Abstract Oilsands are suspended fine solids in bitumen in which asphaltenes become adsorbed on the surfaces of these particles, reducing the quality of the oil and hence generating higher costs for the oil industry. Since some polymers containing specific functional groups are able to interact with asphaltenes, it can be expected that these kinds of polymers are able to reduce the amount of asphaltene adsorbed. In this work, the performance of three (co)polymers, with different molar ratios of cardanol and styrene was evaluated in the adsorption process of a model system (pentane insoluble asphaltenes—C5I in kaolinite) monitored by ultraviolet–visible spectrometry. Kaolinite and asphaltene were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the wettability of these samples was measured with a goniometer, before and after the adsorption process. The increase in polymer concentration (from 0.025 to 0.2%w/v) reduced the amount of adsorbed asphaltenes on kaolinite. Polycardanol homopolymer presented the best performance, indicating the important role of the hydroxyl group and pendent hydrocarbon chain on the adsorption of asphaltenes on kaolinite. The results evidence the potential of polycardanol, obtained from a renewable source, in the extraction process of bitumen from oil sand. Keywords Asphaltene · Kaolinite · Adsorption · Polycardanol · Polystyrene
Introduction Tar sand or oil sand is a type of unconventional oil with low API gravity that contains bitumen impregnated with unconsolidated sand, clay minerals and water. Bitumen has a high C/H ratio, high viscosity and density and is extremely heavy, which makes its processing harder (Wang et al. 2013). The composition of oil sand is one of the most important factors that affects the extraction process of bitumen from oil sand, * Tatiana S. L. Maravilha [email protected] 1
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, COPPE/ PEMM/LADPOL, Av. Horácio Macedo, 2030, bloco F, Rio de Janeiro 21941598, Brazil
2
Centro de Tecnologia Mineral, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Rio de Janeiro 21941‑908, Brazil
3
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, COPPE/PENt, Av. Horácio Macedo, 2030, bloco G, Rio de Janeiro 21941598, Brazil
4
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, IMA/LMCP, Av. Moniz Aragão, 360, bloco 8G/CT2, Rio de Janeiro 21941954, Brazil
because a small amount of suspended fine solids remains in the bitumen. Among the components that cause this problem, suspended fine solids, more specifically the clay minerals and the asphaltenes, deserve special attention (Wang et al. 2013, 2014; Osaky et al. 2014). These suspended fine solids, which are known as clay minerals, have been studied as adsorbe
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