Refining the Earth Orientation Parameters Onboard Spacecraft: Concept and Information Technologies
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GATION SYSTEMS
Refining the Earth Orientation Parameters Onboard Spacecraft: Concept and Information Technologies A. K. Grechkoseevb, M. N. Krasil’shchikova, D. M. Kruzhkova,*, and T. A. Mararesculb a
Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Moscow, 125080 Russia b AO Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems, Geleznogorsk, 662971 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received February 4, 2020; revised February 18, 2020; accepted March 30, 2020
Abstract—We consider the problem of refining the evolving Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) used during the converting from the inertial coordinate system to the Earth’s coordinate system, including ephemerides computations onboard spacecraft (SC). We discuss the approaches and technologies used to refine these parameters. We propose a concept to refine EOP by ground stations and SC, based on processing the measurements of the distance between the ground station and SC by the least squares method (LSM). We provide mathematical models, refining algorithms, and the results of their application in experiments simulating refining processes for parameters of the EOP onboard SC. DOI: 10.1134/S1064230720040061
INTRODUCTION Various information services available on the market of space services are continuously growing and developing. In other words, to ensure a leading position in this segment, not does the area of the services provided, including communications, navigation, and monitoring, need to be constantly extended but the quality of the services also needs to be constantly improved and maintained at a level exceeding the global standards. Technologies that increase the precision and the independence of space constellations of information satellite systems from the ground operating segment are a core factor that helps achieve the best quality of services for consumers. Although many international modern satellite systems capable of implementing the specified technology, there remains a significant gap related to the influence of uncertainties of the knowledge of geodynamic Earth parameters on long prediction intervals. They prevent us from providing the best (with the other conditions being equal) quality of the ephemeride-time delivery for spacecraft (SC). The uncertainty of the values of these parameters leads to considerable resources being spent on complicated computations based on the external data, which are then maintained. It is obvious that being able to refine the chain of the Earth’s geodynamic parameters onboard an SC by measuring long time periods that available onboard would offer an undisputable competitive advantage. We mean refining the current values of the shift of the Earth’s instant pole and of the irregularity of its rotation, which is the difference between the Earth’s Universal time (UT1) and the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) used in different applications of the coordinated scale. By refining all the listed parameters, we can eliminate the substantial uncertainty in computing a SC’s motion and therefore increase the quality of the data
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