Reflecting Telescope Optics I Basic Design Theory and its Historical

R.N. Wilson's two-volume treatise on reflecting telescope optics has become a classic in its own right. It is intended to give a complete treatment of the subject, addressing professionals in research and industry as well as students of astronomy and amat

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I. Appenzeller, Heidelberg, Germany G. Börner, Garching, Germany A. Burkert, München, Germany M. A. Dopita, Canberra, Australia T. Encrenaz, Meudon, France M. Harwit, Washington, DC, USA R. Kippenhahn, Göttingen, Germany J. Lequeux, Paris, France A. Maeder, Sauverny, Switzerland V. Trimble, College Park, MD, and Irvine, CA, USA

R. N. Wilson

Reflecting Telescope Optics I Basic Design Theory and its Historical Development

Second Edition With 238 Figures

123

Raymond N. Wilson Waaler Str. 29 85296 Rohrbach, Germany

Cover picture: Karl Schwarzschild, surrounded by, from left to right, Marin Mersenne, René Descartes, James Gregory, William Herschel, Ludwig von Seidel, George Ritchey, Henri Chrétien, Bernhard Schmidt. (From various sources acknowledged in the book.)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2004041321

ISSN 0941-7834 Second corrected printing. ISBN 978-3-540-40106-7 Second Edition Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 3-540-58964-3 First Edition Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996, 2004, 2007  The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting and production: LE-TEX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper

SPIN: 11971481

55/3180/YL - 5 4 3 2 1 0

To the memory of

Karl Schwarzschild (1873–1916) who developed the first complete aberration theory of reflecting telescopes

To the memory of

Harold Hopkins (1918–1994) a great physicist, teacher and friend, who revealed to me the beauty and power of aberration theory

Karl Schwarzschild ca. 1908 (courtesy Martin Schwarzschild)

Preface to the 2nd edition

A corrected reprint of the first edition appeared in 2000. It was a requirement that the pagination remain unaltered, but nevertheless, apart from minor and format corrections on 17 pages, a number of corrections or additions of substance could be incorporated. These included minor corrections to Figs. 1.3 b) and 2.8 and to the text of Fig. 5.18. The most important change of all was probably the complete revision of the historical treatment of Cassegrain in the Portrait Gallery, due to the superb res