Refugees, Citizenship and Social Policy in Europe

Recently, global and European migration in the post-Cold War world have received much attention. This edited collection is a comprehensive, up-to-date account of the social policies of European welfare states towards refugees and asylum seekers. It also e

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Also by Alice Bloch BEATING THE BARRTERS: The Employment and Training Needs of Refugees in Newham REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS TN NEWHAM: Access to Services

Also by Carl Levy THE FUTURE OF EUROPE: Problems and Issues !'or the Twenty-First Centmy ITALIAN REGIONALISM: History, Identity and Politics SOCIALISM AND THE TNTELLTGENTSTA, 1870-1914

Refugees, Citizenship and Social Policy in Europe Edited by

Alice Bloch

Senior Lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology University of East London

and

Carl Levy Leccurer in European Politics Goldsmiths College University of London

First published in Great Britain 1999 hy

MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 978-1-349-40421-6 DOI 10.1057/9780230371248

ISBN 978-0-230-37124-8 (eBook)

First published in the United States of America 1999 by

ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010

ISBN 978-0-312-21724-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Refugees, citizenship. and social policy in Europe I edited by Alice Bloch and Carl Levy. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-312-21724-2 (cloth)

I. Refugees-Government policy-Europe. 2. Asylum, Right of-Europe. I. Bloch, Alice. 1964II. Levy. Carl, 1951JV7590.R44 1998 325'.21 '094-dc21 98-35605 CIP Selection and editorial matter© Alice Bloch and Carl Levy 1999 Introduction and Chapter I 0 © Alice Bloch 1999 Chapters 2 and I I © Carl Levy 1999 Other chapters© Macmillan Press Ltd 1999 Soticover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1999 978-0-333-71910-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction. copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced. copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright. Designs and Patents Act 1988. or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIP 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be iiahle to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright. Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 08

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Contents Notes on contributors

VII

List of tables

Vlll

List of figures

IX

1.

Introduction Alice Bloch

2.

European asylum and refugee policy after the Treaty of Amsterdam: the birth of a new regime? Carl Levy

12

The politics of refugee and asylum policies in Britain: historical patterns and contemporary realities Liza Schuster and John Solomos

51

3.

4.

1

'Persons persecuted on political grounds shall enjo