Regarding "Sulfide Capacity in Ladle Slag at Steelmaking Temperatures," C. Allertz, Du Sichen; MMTB 2015 December
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n this journal, Allertz and Sichen[1] report on measurements of the sulfide capacity in ladle slag at steelmaking temperatures. Slags of the compositions shown in Table I were equilibrated at 1823 K or 1873 K (1550 °C or 1600 °C) with liquid Cu that was doped with Cu2S. Oxygen partial pressures were set to 1.9 9 1011 atm at 1823 K (1550 °C) and at 1.7 9 1011 atm at 1873 K (1600 °C) by means of CO/CO2 gas mixtures. After equilibration, the sulfur contents of the slag and metal phases were analyzed. Their results are shown in Table I, columns A and B. Over the past 40 years, our research group in Montreal has been developing the FactSage[2] thermodynamic computing system which combines software for calculating the conditions of chemical equilibrium by Gibbs energy minimization with extensive databases for the thermodynamic properties of pure compounds and solutions. The databases have been developed by the ARTHUR PELTON, Emeritus Professor, is with Centre de Recherche en Calcul Thermochimique (CRCT), De´partement de Ge´nie Chimique, E´cole Polytechnique, P.O. Box 6079, Station Downtown, Montre´al, QC H3C 3A7, Canada. Contact e-mail: [email protected] YOUN-BAE KANG, Associate Professor, is with the Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea. Manuscript submitted June 22, 2016. Article published online September 7, 2016. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
‘‘Calphad’’ technique in which the available literature data for the thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria of a system are simultaneously optimized to give one set of model parameters for every phase which best reproduce all the data and which are, necessarily, thermodynamically consistent. Hundreds of primary literature articles have been analyzed to develop the FactSage database for multicomponent oxide slags. Sulfide solubilities in these slags were optimized by Kang and Pelton[3] who examined approximately 70 primary literature articles in which the sulfide contents of slags were measured under various conditions fixing oxygen and sulfur partial pressures over a wide range of composition. Optimized parameters of the Modified Quasichemical Model[4] were obtained and added to the database for oxide slags. This model takes account of both first- and second-nearest-neighbor short-range ordering. The FactSage system also contains a database for molten Cu-S solutions which will be discussed in more detail below. Simulations were performed with FactSage (version 7.0) in which slags of the compositions in Table I were equilibrated with large amounts of molten Cu-S solutions of the compositions in column A of Table I at the oxygen partial pressures and temperatures of the experiments. The calculated equilibrium sulfur contents of the slag are shown in column C of Table I. Agreement with the sulfur contents reported by Allertz and Sichen in column B is excellent. The mean deviation of column C from column B is -0.10 mass pct. The purpose of the present article is not to questi
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