Regional differences in perceived oral dryness as determined with a newly developed questionnaire, the Regional Oral Dry
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Regional differences in perceived oral dryness as determined with a newly developed questionnaire, the Regional Oral Dryness Inventory Zainab Assy 1 & D. H. J. Jager 2,3 & E. Mashhour 1 & F. J. Bikker 1 & H. S. Brand 1 Received: 6 September 2019 / Accepted: 4 April 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Objectives Several questionnaires, such as the internationally validated and frequently used Xerostomia Inventory (XI), have been developed to quantify the subjective feeling of a dry mouth. These questionnaires quantify the overall perception of dry mouth but lack the possibility to differentiate between various intra-oral regions. In this light, a novel questionnaire, the Regional Oral Dryness Inventory (RODI), which quantifies the severity of dryness at various locations in the mouth, was evaluated. Materials and methods A retrospective case report study was designed. Data were collected from patients who visited the saliva clinic for Special Care Dentistry in Amsterdam. Data, including the saliva secretion rates, RODI scores, the Xerostomia Inventory (XI) score, and Clinical Oral Dryness Score (CODS), were extracted from the electronic health record system Oase Dental. Results A total of 337 patients participated in this study with an average age of 54 ± 17 years. The majority of the patients were female (68.5%). The perceived dryness as determined by the RODI was the highest for the posterior palate and the lowest for the floor of the mouth. The highest correlations were found between the corresponding regions in the RODI and regionally related individual items of the XI and CODS. Conclusion There is a significant difference in dry-mouth feeling at different intra-oral locations. Clinical relevance Regional evaluation of xerostomia with RODI might improve diagnosis of xerostomia by helping to discriminate between different potential causes of oral dryness in patients and for evaluating the efficacy of mouth-moistening products. RODI is highly accessible and easy to perform in dental practices during routine clinical assessment. Keywords Dry mouth . Xerostomia . Salivary flow rate . Xerostomia Inventory . Clinical Oral Dryness Score
Introduction Saliva is a multi-functional fluid, which provides mucosal lubrication and moistening, and protection of the teeth and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03276-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Zainab Assy [email protected] 1
Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Room 12N-37, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3
Center for Special Care Dentistry (Stichting Bijzondere Tandheelkunde), Amsterdam, Netherlands
oral mucosa surface, and plays an important role in digestion, protecting oral tissues, swallowing, taste, and speaking
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