Regional differences of air pollution in China: comparison of clustering analysis and systematic clustering methods of p
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Regional differences of air pollution in China: comparison of clustering analysis and systematic clustering methods of panel data based on gray relational analysis Huangxin Chen 1 & Lin Zhang 1 & Wenjie Zou 1
&
Qi Gao 1 & Hongyang Zhao 2
Received: 3 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 July 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Ecological environment deterioration caused by air pollution (AP) seriously threatens human life and health, with academic circles focusing on how to improve AP control efficiency, promote regional collaborative regulatory control of AP, and ensure the safety of human life. This research thus uses time-based systematic clustering of cross-sectional data and gray correlation clustering of panel data to analyze AP situations and regional differences (RD) via AP index data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2014 to 2018. The results show that the air quality of these provinces and cities has improved and that the concentration of pollutants has declined to varying degrees, but AP in Beijing, Tianjin, and other places is still more serious. While the effect of AP improvement in some areas is not distinct, the trend of regional AP continues to be quite serious. This paper reveals current RD of AP in China and offers some suggestions and recommendations on pollution control, such as further optimizing the industrial structure and energy consumption structure and improving people’s concept of ecological civilization. Keywords Air pollution . Regional differences . Panel data . Gray relational analysis . Systematic clustering
Abbreviations AP Air pollution AQ Air quality RD Regional differences WHO World Health Organization
* Wenjie Zou [email protected] Huangxin Chen [email protected] Lin Zhang [email protected] Qi Gao [email protected] Hongyang Zhao [email protected] 1
School of Economy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
2
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Jilin 130118, China
Introduction The 2018 China Eco-Environmental Status Bulletin reports that the ambient air quality (AQ) compliance rate of 338 prefecture-level and above cities in China is only 35.8% and that air pollution (AP) has become the most impactful environmental problem in China currently. Not only is it a major livelihood issue related to people’s health but it also creates a bottleneck restricting regional economic transformation and social development towards the so-called green growth, reflecting the overall health of the country’s regional economic development. In recent years, with the aggravation of AP problems, the China government has begun to introduce relevant policies to control AP. A large number of foreign studies initially confirmed that changes to short-term AP concentration correlate to the number of daily deaths. There is also relevant evidence in epidemiology that respiratory diseases are most susceptible to atmospheric quality, and atmospheric pollutants are a significant risk factor of health-related illnesses (Dominici et al. 2005). T
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