Regression Analysis of Brain Biomechanics Under Uniaxial Deformation
Traumatic brain injury is one of the most prevalent health conditions in the United States. However, despite its significance and frequency there is not that much understanding of the mechanism that controls the brain response during injurious loading. Be
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[email protected] 2 Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University,
Starkville, MS, USA 3 Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
Abstract. Traumatic brain injury is one of the most prevalent health conditions in the United States. However, despite its significance and frequency there is not that much understanding of the mechanism that controls the brain response during injurious loading. Because brain testing conditions are different between several assessment methods, this is considered as a confounding problem as brain biomechanics cannot be analyzed and understood completely. Multivariate linear regression has been applied in this article as a statistical method to expound the correlations between brain biomechanical response and in vitro brain testing conditions under uniaxial deformation. Neighborhood component analysis has been used to extract ten relevant continuous parameters, namely, age, strain rate, diameter, thickness, length, width, height, storage temperature, testing temperature, and post-mortem preservation time, five different categorical parameters, namely, stress condition, species, specimen location, brain matter composition, and geometry. In addition, multivariate regression model has been estimated with the storage, loss, and complex moduli as the responses. Intercept, strain rate, gray brain matter, and white brain matter have been discovered to be the most consistently significant parameters across the three response variables. Keywords: Multivariate linear regression · Uniaxial deformation · Neighborhood component analysis · Traumatic brain injury
1 Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a highly prevalent health condition in the US. In 2013, the number of emergency room visits were 2.5 million [1] and there were 56,000 people died from TBI and another 280,000 were hospitalized [1]. TBI can lead to a lifelong disability, with 5.3 million people currently live with a TBI-related disability in the US [1]. The most possible causes of TBI are motor vehicle accidents, falls, and blunt force trauma. In 2010, TBI’s cost on the US economy was around $76.5 billion, most of that cost resulting from hospitalization and fatalities [1]. In order to prevent and treat TBI effectively, the brain’s mechanical response to traumatic loads must be determined. However, there is a high degree of variability of © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 K. Arai et al. (Eds.): SAI 2020, AISC 1230, pp. 142–149, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52243-8_11
Regression Analysis of Brain Biomechanics Under Uniaxial Deformation
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all in vitro biomechanical studies that attempted to establish such response. It has been hypothesized that this variability may be due to brain specimens’ intrinsic properties as well as due to various testing conditions [2]. For example, the brain becomes stiffer with age [3, 4] and its mechanical response is sensitive to both temperature [5, 6] and post-mortem preservation time [6, 7]. A
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