Rehabilitation of Soil Properties by Using Direct Seeding Technology
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ADATION, REHABILITATION, AND CONSERVATION OF SOILS
Rehabilitation of Soil Properties by Using Direct Seeding Technology V. K. Dridigera, *, A. L. Ivanovb, V. P. Belobrovb, and O. V. Kutovayab aNorth-Caucasian
Federal Agrarian Research Center, ul. Nikonova 49, Mikhailovsk, Stavropol region, 356241 Russia b Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, per. Pyzhevskii 7, Moscow, 119017 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received February 14, 2020; revised February 20, 2020; accepted February 26, 2020
Abstract—The application of direct seeding technology on typical and ordinary chernozems in the European territory for four years has resulted in a significant increase in the content of soil organic matter in regions with sufficient moisture supply and some tendency of its in regions with insufficient moisture supply (Stavropol region). A tendency for an increase in the available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium contents has also been observed. The yield of crops and profitability of production in the course of long-term (> 7 yr) application of direct seeding are approximately 30% higher than in the case of traditional technologies. Application rates of glyphosate-containing herbicides to control weeds can be significantly reduced in the case of using cover crops, modern biochemical methods, and strict compliance with the technology of herbicide application. Taken together, these measures ensure an increase in the number and species diversity of microorganisms that can suppress pathogenic microflora significantly reducing the damage to plants from diseases and pests. Keywords: soil degradation, erosion, biodiversity, glyphosate, productivity, microorganisms, mesofauna DOI: 10.1134/S1064229320090033
INTRODUCTION The fertility of arable soils in Russia is of great concern, and this is particularly true for the most productive Russian soils, chernozems. Degradation of soil properties directly affecting soil productivity, such as the contents of humus [18] and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium [9, 15, 30], the soil structure and water stability of micro - and macroaggregates [28, 29], the equilibrium bulk density [32], etc. According to the Stavropol Agrochemical Center, from the beginning of monitoring of soil fertility in 1964–1968 to the present time, a continuous decrease in the organic matter (OM) content has been observed in the plow layer of soils, including chernozems. Thus, during the first round of the soil survey, the low content of OM was observed on 24.2% of the arable area; soils with the moderate OM content occupied 74.9%. At the present, the situation is opposite: 88.6% of arable soils have the low OM content, and only 10.3% of arable soils have the moderate OM content (Table 1). A sharp decrease in the OM content of soils has been observed since 1976, when bare fallows were applied over large areas in the Stavropol region. Simultaneously, a decrease in the contents of available phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients has taken place. This decrease in soil fertility is explained by various re
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