Relationship between basal metabolic rate and cortisol secretion throughout pregnancy
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Relationship between basal metabolic rate and cortisol secretion throughout pregnancy Svetozar S. Damjanovic Æ Rada V. Stojic Æ Nebojsa M. Lalic Æ Aleksandra Z. Jotic Æ Djuro P. Macut Æ Sanja I. Ognjanovic Æ Milan S. Petakov Æ Bojana M. Popovic
Received: 9 October 2008 / Accepted: 24 November 2008 / Published online: 21 January 2009 Ó Humana Press Inc. 2009
Abstract The role of cortisol in mediating basal metabolic rate (BMR) changes that accompany the adjustment of maternal body weight (BW) and body composition during pregnancy is unknown. We tested whether increase in BMR during pregnancy is explained by variations in cortisol secretion. Longitudinal changes in BW, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), BMR, hormonal, and metabolic parameters in 31 parous Caucasian women at gestational weeks 12, 26, and 36 were examined. Individual differences (D) between the last and the first measurement occasions for each variable were calculated. By gestational week 36, BW and BMR increased while both FFM/FM and BMR/BW ratio decreased (P \ 0.001 for all) suggesting higher proportion of FM accretion. Cortisol, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration rose, whereas non-placental growth hormone (GH) and thyroid hormones declined (P \ 0.001 for all). Insulin resistance changed; basal glucose (P \ 0.001) and ghrelin (P \ 0.014) declined, whereas insulin (P \ 0.001), homeostatic model index (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.041), and free fatty acid (FFA) concentration (P = 0.007) increased. The elevation in BMR showed inverse correlations with DBW (r = 0.37, P = 0.047) and Dcortisol (r = -0.53,
S. S. Damjanovic (&) N. M. Lalic A. Z. Jotic D. P. Macut S. I. Ognjanovic M. S. Petakov B. M. Popovic Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, Belgrade University School of Medicine, Dr Subotica 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia e-mail: [email protected] R. V. Stojic Department of Gynecology, Dom Zdravlja Vozdovac, Belgrade, Serbia
P = 0.004). Significant portion (51.6%) of the variation in BMR change was explained by increases of cortisol (27.1%), FFA (13.4%), and free triiodothyronine (11.1%). In conclusion, the changes in maternal cortisol concentration are in relationship with changes in BMR and BW, further suggesting that increased cortisol secretion during pregnancy could be linked with the maintenance of maternal BW and body composition. Keywords Basal metabolic rate Cortisol Insulin Leptin Ghrelin GH–IGF-1 axis Thyroid hormones
Introduction Maternal adaptation to normal pregnancy is associated with cumulative rise in body weight (BW), fat mass (FM), fatfree mass (FFM), and basal metabolic rate (BMR) [1]. It has been shown that the magnitude of gestational weight gain is in correlation with the magnitude of the increase in cumulative BMR and with average prepregnancy body FM [2]. Metabolic changes in early pregnancy promote adipose tissue accretion with later onset of insulin resistance [3], while in late gestation, maternal adipose tissue depots decline, whereas free fatty acid
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