Relationship between depressive disorders and personality traits: the value of the alternative five factor model
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Relationship between depressive disorders and personality traits: the value of the alternative five factor model Irene Ramos-Grille 1,2 & Núria Aragay 1 & Sergi Valero 3,4 & Gemma Garrido 1 & Martí Santacana 1 & Roser Guillamat 1 & Vicenç Vallès 1 & Montserrat Gomà-i-Freixanet 2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Many studies have examined the relationship between personality and depressive disorders. However, the findings have been heterogeneous and many gaps in current understanding of their links remain. To gain a deeper comprehension of the links between personality and depression, it might be advisable to focus on lower levels (traits) of the personality hierarchy. In this context, the present study aims: 1) to describe the personality profile of treatment-seeking outpatients diagnosed with depressive disorders by comparing them to a control group, and 2) to explore the specific contribution of the Alternative Five Factor Model in identifying outpatients diagnosed with depressive disorders. We used a case-control design and a sample of 315 adult participants. We tested for the clinical specificity of the dimensional personality profile, by randomly matching 105 cases with 210 controls from a general population sample. The clinical group scored higher than controls on Neuroticism-Anxiety and lower on Activity and Sociability. However, only high Neuroticism-Anxiety and low Activity discriminated both groups and were significantly associated with a diagnosis of depressive disorder. Results indicated that Neuroticism-Anxiety is closely related to a diagnosis of depression and it should be specifically addressed in the therapeutic process. Additionally, the activity trait is also associated with a reduced likelihood of being depressed; a finding that implies that psychological treatment ought to emphasize the importance of maintaining a high level of general activity in both the short and long run. Our results help to clarify current inconsistencies regarding the links between personality and depression. Keywords Personality . Depression . Dysthymic disorder . ZKPQ . AFFM
There has been a long-standing interest in elucidating the complex relationship between personality and depressive disorders (DD) due to the numerous potential implications for research and clinical practice (Bagby, Quilty, & Ryders, 2008). This relationship has recently acquired additional salience in the context of ongoing efforts to develop approaches to personalize medicine (Chen & Hu, 2019; Dunlop et al., 2012) and to identify at-risk individuals who may take * Irene Ramos-Grille [email protected] 1
Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, 08226 Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
2
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
3
Memory Clinic and Research Center of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
4
Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carl
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