Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
In this book, quantum mechanics is developed from the outset on a relativistic basis, using the superposition principle, Lorentz invariance and gauge invariance. Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics as well as classical relativistic mechanics appear as&
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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Physics and Astronomy
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http://www.springer.de/phys/
Hartrnut M. Pilkuhn
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics With 21 Figures
Springer
Professor Hartrnut M. Pilkuhn Universität Karlsruhe Institut für theoretische Tei1chenphysik 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany e-mail: [email protected]
Library of Congress Cataloging·in-Publication Data Pilkuhn. Hartmut M. Relativistic quantum mechanics Hartmut Pilkuhn. p. cm. - (Texts and monographs in physics, ISSN 0172-5998) Includes bibliographical references and index. I. Relativistic quantum theory. 1. Title 11. Series. QCI74.24.R4 P55 2002
530.12 - - dc21
2002026694
ISSN 0172-5998 ISBN 978-3-662-05277-8 ISBN 978-3-662-05275-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-05275-4 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2003. Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 2003 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant probreak tective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Data conversion by LE-TeX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR Cover design: design & produclion GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 10868905 55/31411YL 5 4 3 2 I 0
Preface
Whereas nonrelativistic quantum mechanics is sufficient for any understanding of atomic and molecular spectra, relativistic quantum mechanics explains the finer details. Consequently, textbooks on quantum mechanics expand mainly on the nonrelativistic formalism. Only the Dirac equation for the hydrogen atom is normally included. The relativistic quantum mechanics of oneand two-electron atoms is covered by Bethe and Salpeter (1957), Mizushima (1970) and others. Books with emphasis on atomic and molecular applications discuss also effective "first-order relativistic" operators such as spin-orbit coupling, tensor force and hyperfine operators (Weissbluth 1978). The practical importance of these topics has led to specialized books, for example, that of Richards, Trivedi and Cooper (1981) on spin-orbit coupling in molecules, or that of Das (1987) on the relativistic quantum mechanics of electrons. The furt her development in this direction is mainly the merit of theoretical chemists, normallyon the basis of the multi-electron Dirac-B
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