Relativity, Groups, Particles Special Relativity and Relativistic Sy

Like many textbooks, the present one is the outgrowth of lecture courses, mainly given at the University of Vienna, Austria; on the occasion of the English edition, it may be mentioned that our first such lecture course was delivered by my late co­ author

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With his Theory of Relativity, Albert Einstein in 1905 put an end to all mechanical ether interpretations of electromagnetic phenomena, such as the ether model shown above. In it, the magnetic field was imagined as a system of molecular vortices rotating around the field lines, with 'ball bearings' between vortices consisting of charge particles. The velocity of rotation is to be proportional to the field strength, and when neighboring vortices rotate with differing velocities, the charge particles get displaced. This model was the basis for the derivation of the Maxwell equations. "1 never satisfy myself unless I can make a mechanical model of a thing ... that is whv 1 cannot get the electromagnetic theory ... " (Lord Kelvin, 1884).

Roman U. Sexl Helmuth K. Urbantke Relativity, Groups, Particles Special Relativity and Relativistic Symmetry in Field and Particle Physics Revised and translated from the German by H. K. Urbantke

Springer-Verlag Wien GmbH

Dr. Roman U. Sexl t Dr. Helmuth K. Urhantke Institut fUr Theoretische Physik Universitat Wien, Vienna, Austria

This edition succeeds the third, revised Gennan-Ianguage edition, Relativitiit, Gruppen, Teilchen,

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photo-copying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. © 2001 Springer-Verlag Wien Originally published by Springer-Verlag Wien New York in 2001 Camera-ready copies provided by the author Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN 10756865 With 56 figures and a frontispiece

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sexl, Roman Ulrich. [Relativitat, Gruppen, Teilchen. English] Relativity, groups, particles: special relativity and relativistic symmetry in field and particle physics / Roman U. Sexl, Helmuth K. Urbantke; revised and translated from the German by Helmuth K. Urbantke. - Rev. ed. p. cm. This edition succeeds the third, revised German-language edition, Relativitat, Gruppen, Teilchen, cl992 Springer-Verlag Wien -T.p.verso. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-211-83443-5 (alk. paper) 1. Relativity (Physics) 2. Field theory (Physics) 3. Representations of groups. 4. Particles (Nuclear physics) I. Urbantke, Helmuth Kurt. II. Title. QCI73.65.S48132000 530.11 - dc21

ISBN 978-3-211-83443-5 ISBN 978-3-7091-6234-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-6234-7

00-063782

Preface and Introduction Like many textbooks, the present one is the outgrowth of lecture courses, mainly given at the University of Vienna, Austria; on the occasion of the English edition, it may be mentioned that our first such lecture course was delivered by my late coauthor, Roman U. Sexl, during the fall and winter term 1967-68 in the USA-more precisely, at the University of Georgia (Athens). Since then, Particle Physics has seen spectacular revolutions; but its relativistic symmetry has never been shaken. On the o