Religion and Racial Progress in Twentieth-Century Britain Bishop Bar
This book is the first in-depth analysis of Ernest William Barnes’ Christian-eugenic philosophy: ‘bio-spiritual determinism’. As a testament to the popularity of the movement, mid-twentieth century British eugenics is contextualized within a remarkably di
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PATRICK T. MERRICKS
Religion and Racial Progress in Twentieth-Century Britain
Patrick T. Merricks
Religion and Racial Progress in TwentiethCentury Britain Bishop Barnes of Birmingham
Patrick T. Merricks School of History, Philosophy and Culture Oxford Brookes University Oxford, UK
ISBN 978-3-319-53987-4 ISBN 978-3-319-53988-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53988-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017937732 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover design by Samantha Johnson Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Dedicated to the memory of my Grandpa, Kenneth Hammond (1928–2016)
Contents
1 Introduction 1 2 Anglican Modernism 27 3 Heredity and Race 73 4 The Eugenic Philosophy 113 5 Negative Eugenics 167 6 Conclusion 219 Bibliography 233 Index 247
vii
List of Figures
Fig. 4.1 From Eldon Moore, ‘Social Progress and Racial Decline,’ The Eugenics Review 18, 2 (July 1926), 124 Fig. 4.2 From Carlos P. Blacker and David V. Glass, The Future of Our Population? (London: Eugenics Society, 1936), 29 Fig. 4.3 From Eldon Moore, ‘The Present State of the Nation, As Deduced from Vital Statistics,’ The Eugenics Review 22, 4 (January 1931), 267 Fig. 5.1 From Ernest J. Lidbetter, ‘The Present Position of Mental Deficiency under the Act,’ The Eugenics Review 16, 4 (January 1925), 265–266
117 119 120 170
ix
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
In the final months of the Second World War, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher, received a private letter in which the author revealed a passionate sympathy for the sterilisation and euthanasia of “those carrying unwholesome genes.”1 It
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