Remote sensing enabled essential biodiversity variables for biodiversity assessment and monitoring: technological advanc
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Remote sensing enabled essential biodiversity variables for biodiversity assessment and monitoring: technological advancement and potentials C. Sudhakar Reddy1 • Ayushi Kurian1,2 • Gaurav Srivastava1 • Jayant Singhal1 A. O. Varghese3 • Hitendra Padalia4 • N. Ayyappan2 • G. Rajashekar1 • C. S. Jha1 • P. V. N. Rao1
•
Received: 18 May 2020 / Revised: 6 September 2020 / Accepted: 31 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The strong contribution of remote sensing has led to the development of the concept of the Remote Sensing enabled Essential Biodiversity Variables which represents a set of variables that can be monitored from space. This work synthesizes current state of research and technological development in use of remote sensing enabled essential biodiversity variables. The issue of scale, satellite observation requirements and status of remote sensing have been discussed in the context of monitoring of community composition, plant functional types, vegetation structure, canopy diversity, targeted animal groups, fragmentation, disturbances and as an input for biodiversity modelling, and Earth Observations based variables. This work highlighted existing approaches for addressing community level biodiversity and discusses in the context of Earth Observations as which are key components for biodiversity monitoring strategy. Biodiversity monitoring could be improved by using new satellite sensors and the synergy of remotely sensed data from multiple sensors which are providing hyperspatial, hyperspectral and hypertemporal observations. The use of remote sensing for operational monitoring of biodiversity is still under development as existing approaches and techniques have not holistically addressed the metrics of essential biodiversity variables. Keywords Earth observation Scale Structure Composition Function
Communicated by Neil Brummitt. & C. Sudhakar Reddy [email protected] 1
National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 037, Telangana, India
2
Department of Ecology, French Institute of Pondicherry, Puducherry 605 001, India
3
Regional Remote Sensing Centre-Central, Nagpur 440 007, Maharashtra, India
4
Forestry and Ecology Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun 248 001, India
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Biodiversity and Conservation
Remote sensing in monitoring of biodiversity The term ‘biodiversity’ (shorthand for ‘‘biological diversity’’) coined by Walter G. Rosen in 1985 which was first appeared in a publication in 1988 when E. O. Wilson used it as the title of the proceedings (Wilson 1988). Biodiversity is a composite term typically defined as the variety of genes, species and ecosystems that constitute life on Earth and the diversity of interactions and processes at different levels of ecological organisation (Noss 1990; Lausch et al. 2016). Biodiversity is a complex concept and cannot be represented in totality by a single index of species richness. Accounting patterns
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