Removal of antipyrine through two-dimensional and three-dimensional electrolysis: comparison, modification, and improvem
- PDF / 4,107,053 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 17 Downloads / 177 Views
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Removal of antipyrine through two-dimensional and three-dimensional electrolysis: comparison, modification, and improvement Pengxiao Liu 1
&
Xu Wang 1 & Jing Lu 1 & Ying Li 1 & Bin Hou 1 & Ling Feng 1
Received: 6 February 2020 / Accepted: 15 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, removal of antipyrine was studied through two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) electrolysis. 2D electrolysis was firstly studied with the Ti/SnO2-Ta2O5-IrO2 anode as working electrode. Operating parameters affecting antipyrine removal, such as current density, electrode distance, and initial concentration of antipyrine, were investigated and optimized. As the limited antipyrine removal efficiency of 48.0% was not satisfying, 3D electrolysis with γ-Al2O3 as particle electrodes was introduced in the purpose of improving the antipyrine removal. An obviously enhanced removal efficiency of 78.3% was obtained, which seemingly validated the effect of particle electrodes in improving antipyrine removal. Hence, an effort to further enhance the antipyrine removal efficiency was made through improving the electrochemical characteristics of γAl2O3 as particle electrodes. Modified Sn-Sb-Bi/γ-Al2O3 particles were thus prepared through impregnation method. And a desirable antipyrine removal efficiency of 94.4% and energy consumption of 0.18 kWh/g antipyrine were achieved in the 3D electrolysis with Sn-Sb-Bi/γ-Al2O3 as particle electrodes. Furthermore, possible mechanism and pathway of antipyrine degradation in 3D electrolysis were explored through detection of ·OH using terephthalic acid fluorescent probe method and detection of antipyrine degradation intermediates using LC-MS. Keywords Antipyrine . Degradation . 2D electrolysis . 3D electrolysis . Particle electrodes . Hydroxyl radicals
Introduction Over the past decades, increasing emerging organic pollutants (EOPs), such as pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), etc., have attracted much attention of global researchers (Inyinbor et al. 2018; Wang et al. 2017). Among EOPs, pharmaceuticals are an important group of contaminants due to their wide and abundant usage. These pollutants have been widely detected Responsible editor: Weiming Zhang Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09763-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Pengxiao Liu [email protected] 1
School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, People’s Republic of China
in the natural environment, such as rivers, lakes, groundwater, and soil (Inyinbor et al. 2018). Their adverse effects on the ecosystem have been verified by scientific research, such as altering behavior of fish (Brodin et al. 2013), shifting the community structure of algae (Wilson et al. 2003), inducing the production of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (AR
Data Loading...
