Removal of contaminant metformin from water by using Ficus benjamina zero-valent iron/copper nanoparticles
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(2020) 5:23
ORIGINAL PAPER
Removal of contaminant metformin from water by using Ficus benjamina zero‑valent iron/copper nanoparticles Hossam Mohammed Abd El‑Aziz1 · Rabie Saad Farag2 · Soha Ali Abdel‑Gawad3 Received: 30 July 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Green synthesis approach using Ficus benjamina leaves extract was successfully used for preparing bimetallic zero-valent iron/copper nanoparticles. The characterization using scanning dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles. The removal efficiency of metformin HCl (MF) concentration (10 mg/L) reached 73% under the (pH 5, dose 0.2 g/L, and time 30 min). Ficus nano-zero-valent Fe/Cu has good durability and stability and possesses excellent reusability for the MF removal even after being reused five times. Langmuir adsorption model is more appropriate with isotherm by the high correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.9991) with qmax = 42.82 mg g−1. The results of adsorption kinetics indicate that MF uptake on Ficus benjamina ZVFe/ Cu nanoparticles is following the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Overall, green Ficus nZVFe/Cu particle is a committed substance to remove MF. Operational parameters effect was more than 97% on the removal process, which was studied using SPSS linear regression analysis. Graphic abstract The formation of FB-nZVFe/Cu.
Keywords Bimetallic Fe/Cu · Ficus benjamina · Green synthesis · Metformin HCl · Nanoparticles
Introduction * Hossam Mohammed Abd El‑Aziz [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Metformin HCl (MF) is one of the most prescribed medications in the world for diabetics since 1957 [10]. MF has been considered as one of the newly identified emerging
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contaminants of concern, due to its permanence in the ecosystem and endocrine disruption [20]. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not designed to completely remove contaminants, which result in presence of residual in wastewater and surface water [26]. It was concluded that metformin is being discharged in the aquatic environment (0.05 mg L−1), which can affect the food chain [9, 12]. Many removal techniques did not perform to the required level, because they may be expensive or ineffective to remove the contaminants [6, 8]. Green synthesis has become one of the most significant low-cost and friendly alternative procedures for synthesizing nanoparticles by using plant leaf extract [4, 14]. Green leaves contain an enormous amount of both reducing and capping agents [2]. Polyphenols, flavonoids, and other reducing substances can reduce salts to zero valent and protect them from agglomeration [3]. Plants abundance, cost-effectiveness, high efficiency, and non-toxic nature, all these advantages can take advantage of it in preparing green nanoparticles in to be used in water treatment [25]. Ficus benjamina leaves extract pro
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