Removal of emerging pollutants in aqueous phase by heterogeneous Fenton and photo-Fenton with Fe 2 O 3 -TiO 2 -clay hete
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CLAY AND MODIFIED CLAYS IN REMEDIATING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS
Removal of emerging pollutants in aqueous phase by heterogeneous Fenton and photo-Fenton with Fe2O3-TiO2-clay heterostructures Carmen B. Molina 1
&
Eva Sanz-Santos 1 & Ali Boukhemkhem 2 & Jorge Bedia 1 & Carolina Belver 1 & Juan J. Rodriguez 1
Received: 24 January 2020 / Accepted: 11 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Fe2O3-TiO2-clay heterostructures have been prepared using an organo-bentonite as support, which organophilic character favored the fixation of TiO2. Furthermore, Fe2O3 was successfully anchored by wet impregnation. The resulting materials are characterized by a disordered layered structure and a mesoporous texture. The heterostructures were employed as catalysts for the removal of two pharmaceuticals, acetaminophen (ACE) and antipyrine (ANT), by heterogeneous Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. ACE removal under different operation conditions was studied in detail to establish structure-performance relationships, being the TiO2 formation and the developed texture the main factors controlling the activity. ANT showed a higher refractory behavior in oxidation by Fenton. Among the technologies studied, heterogeneous photo-Fenton achieved the best catalytic performance and higher kinetic rate and mineralization degree. Iron leaching was very low, lower than 5% of the initial iron load in all cases. This work demonstrates the potential application of these heterostructures for the removal of emerging pollutants of different nature. Keywords Clay heterostructures . Acetaminophen . Antipyrine . Oxidation . Fenton . Photo-Fenton
Introduction Water pollution is, nowadays, one of the major environmental problems. A great variety of pharmaceuticals and personal care products can be found in water and wastewaters. These compounds are known emerging pollutants and have drawn significant attention due to their negative potential environmental effect and health impact (Amrita et al. 2010). They are present in sewage at low concentrations due to the continuous release produced by human activities, but they can be also present in the wastewaters from pharmaceutical plants, in
Responsible Editor: Vítor Pais Vilar Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09236-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Carmen B. Molina [email protected] 1
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
2
Laboratory Interactions Materials-Environment (LIME), University of Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, 18000 Jijel, Algeria
this case at substantially higher concentrations. Acetaminophen (ACE) is widely used as antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory, being one of the most consumed pharmaceuticals in many European countries (EFPIA 2014). It is released from municipal wastewater treatment and pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, being one of the mos
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