Research cooperations of blockchain: toward the view of complexity network
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Research cooperations of blockchain: toward the view of complexity network Yanli Wang1 · Yilei Wang1 · Zhaojie Wang1 · Guoyu Yang1 · Xiaomei Yu2 Received: 13 June 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Blockchain has critically influence on the implementations with respect to various territories. Recently, a flurry of papers, related to blockchain, are published under such background. However, most of them focus on specific topic due to space limitations, which cannot meet a high-level analysis. In this paper, lots of papers concerning blockchain, smart contracts and bitcoins are collected as many as possible such that we can carry on a comprehensive analysis on blockchain. More specifically, we construct keyword and author collaboration networks after removing the unrelated and low-quality works. Then we delve into the characteristics of complex networks, such as degree distribution, betweeness and closeness. We further present the networks with the help of visual tools like Pajek. Some unconspicuous hot topics are uncovered, with the help of complex network. These topics can in turn push the cross-field development of block chain technology, which may promote social development. Keywords Complexity network · Blockchain · Bitcoin · Smart contract
1 Introduction Blockchain, mentioned in the pioneering work (Nakamoto 2019), is a distributed database. Bitcoin, as a cryptography currency based on blockchian, is dubbed as blochain 1.0. However, it’s abused for wasting of resources due to proof of work (PoW). Furthermore, it does not support Turing languages, which heavily limits its implementations. In Ethereum, smart contracts are more flexible to support Turing languages (Wang et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2019). * Yilei Wang [email protected] Yanli Wang [email protected] Zhaojie Wang [email protected] Guoyu Yang [email protected] Xiaomei Yu [email protected] 1
School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
2
On the other hand, they leverage the consensus mechanism of proof of stakes (PoS) without any resources consuming. Therefore, blockchian has infiltrated into fields like logistics (Krystsina 2017; Yang et al. 2019), finance (Khanh 2016), science and technologies (Nir 2017; Zainab et al. 2017; Peter 2015; Yu et al. 2020, 2016 etc. The main function of blockchain in these fields is providing programmable society, which is deemed as Blockchian 3.0. Now, Blockchain is placed great expectations by both industry and academia to realize decentralization from financial industry to Internet of things (IoTs) (Glaser 2017; Joseph et al. 2015; Zheng and Liu 2010). Furthermore, In the future, blockchain can be combined with high-resolution remote sensing image registration to realize the modernization of industry (Liu et al. 2019; Jiang et al. 2020), and can also be combined with an identity-based signcryption on lattice to res
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